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Determination of the Efficiency of Cooling Systems of Nuclear Power Plants of Ukraine in the Conditions of Global Climate Changes

Voloshkina Olena, Korduba Iryna, Zhukova Olena

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

170--176

EN

The impact of climate change on the efficiency of nuclear power plants and cooling reservoirs depends, to a certain extent, on the increase in the temperature of cooling reservoirs in the summer months of the year. Nuclear power plants use water throughout their lifetime in cooling systems to dissipate the waste heat generated, including system safety, cooling systems and for power generation. In this work, on the basis of the analysis of monitoring data, the correlation dependences between the temperature indicators of atmospheric air and cooling reservoirs for operating nuclear plants in the conditions of Ukraine are established. In order to obtain the efficiency of the operation of nuclear power plants depending on global climate changes, based on the analysis of the average monthly temperature indicators of the atmospheric air for the period 1881–2020, we made a climatic forecast of the atmospheric air for the territory of Ukraine and established the forecast dependence of the increase in air temperature for the period until 2160. Based on the assessment and forecasting of the influence of climatic factors on the temperature of the cooling water in the specified reservoirs and on the power of the stations, the values of the relative overall efficiency of the reactor at the NPP of Ukraine for the periods 2021–2030, 2031–2040 and 2041–2050 have been established. The obtained data, output power coefficients indicate a gradual decrease in output power in the next decades and in the Ukrainian nuclear energy sector in terms of operating nuclear power plants in the conditions of forecast values of global warming and cooling water temperature. They testify that climate change and global warming are a risk of emergency situations at nuclear power facilities, which requires making strategic decisions regarding adaptations of reactor operation in conditions of global climate change.

2

Optimization of the building process of ground water intakes under the conditions of natural water resources deficits

Telyma Sergiy, Voloshkina Olena, Kovalоva Anastasiia, Bereznytska Yuliia

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2023

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Vol. 12

41--50

EN

The article discusses the problems of optimizing and exploiting ground water intakes during times of natural water resource deficits, which are critical sources for the operational resources needed. A deposit of underground water in Rudno in the Lviv region of Ukraine is used for the investigation. To optimize the withdrawal of water for the population in the given district, given the limited natural water resources, and on the bases of a detailed geological, hydrogeological and the hydrological analysis of the area and a review of the literature, a permanent mathematical model for filtration of the chosen deposit was created to evaluate the operational groundwater resources for a long-term period. The model allows for the simulation of water intake exploitation in different operating regimes in order to solve the problems of regulating and optimizing water withdrawal under different conditions of change in the water intakes, expanding productivity depending on the economic needs in the region, and solving problems related to the quality of the drinking water by predicting the possible pollution and depletion of major aquifers during their operation. The model of the Rudno water deposit can be used as a reference when selecting promising sites for new water intakes to reduce material and energy resources during construction.

3

The estimation and reduction of risks caused by air pollution in cities

Voloshkina Olena, Tkachenko Tetiana, Sipakov Rostislav, Tkachenko Oleksii

Budownictwo o Zoptymalizowanym Potencjale Energetycznym

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2019

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Vol. 8 Nr 2

17--25

EN

The increase in summer temperatures is intensifying and causing the rise of air pollution by photochemical transformation. The main source of pollution in cities are vehicles. Calculations of a convective jet from the warm surface of intersections and overpasses have been performed and the secondary formaldehyde contamination by photochemical transformations was estimated. It was shown that the non-carcinogenic risk is significantly increased with the concentration. At temperatures above 30°C, the non-carcinogenic risk is more than 10 (significant) and requires in-depth studies of the harmful influences. Carcinogenic risk ranges from the median to acceptable and requires dynamic control and in-depth studies. Reducing the risk is possible by "green" design: "green" roofs, vertical greening, facade blocks, etc. Using phytoncide plants destroys the pathogenic microflora and improves the microclimate of the premises. Proposed is an assortment of plants suitable for medical and educational buildings within a continental climate area.

PL

Wzrost temperatur w lecie nasila się i powoduje wzrost zanieczyszczenia powietrza poprzez transformację fotochemiczną. Głównym źródłem zanieczyszczenia w miastach są pojazdy. Wykonano obliczenia strumienia konwekcyjnego z ciepłej powierzchni skrzyżowań i wiaduktów oraz oszacowano wtórne zanieczyszczenie formaldehydem przez transformacje fotochemiczne. W temperaturach powyżej 30°C ryzyko nierakotwórcze wynosi więcej niż 10 (znaczące) i wymaga dogłębnych badań dotyczących szkodliwości. Ryzyko rakotwórczości waha się od mediany do akceptowalnej i wymaga systematycznej kontroli i dogłębnych badań. Zmniejszenie ryzyka jest możliwe dzięki „zielonemu” projektowi: „zielone” dachy, pionowe zazielenienie, bloki elewacyjne itp. Zastosowanie roślin fitonitowych niszczy patogenną mikroflorę i poprawia mikroklimat przedwczesnych zmian. W artykule zaproponowano gatunki roślin odpowiednich do budynków medycznych i edukacyjnych w strefie klimatu kontynentalnego.