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Pollution in Shatt Al-Arab River near Hospital Wastewater Disposal – Detection of Pharmaceutical Compounds, Isolation and Identification of Drug-Resistant Bacteria

Alsaad Noor Kadhim, Almansoory Asia Fadhile, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

29--36

EN

Pharmaceutical compounds have been introduced into the aquatic ecosystems in multiple ways and sources, which negatively affects the health of the environment and humans. The river near the hospital sewage disposal is host environment for drug-resistant bacteria (DRB). In this context, the aim of the research was to detect the presence of pharmaceuticals in hospital wastewater, after treatment, at river point followed by isolation of bacteria and test for resistant pharmaceutical compound. Fifteen species of bacteria isolated by angiogenic methods were identified and tested using the well diffusion test to determine the resistance of selected bacteria to ibuprofen by survival assessment. This study showed that the ibuprofen detected by GC-mass was available in all selected points at a concentration of 3 to 120 mg/L. Lecuco. mesen.cremris and Koc.rosea have a high ability to break down the ibuprofen compound. Thus, the bacteria isolated from hospital wastewater can biologically degrade ibuprofen.

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Optimization of Acetaminophen and Methylparaben Removal within Subsurface Batch Constructed Wetland Systems

Mutar Zahraa Hasan, Mohammed Ahmed A., Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 1

228--239

EN

The response surface methodology accompanied by Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed in this study to optimize the Alternanthera spp-based phytoremediation process for the individual removal of acetaminophen and methylparaben. Two operational variables, including concentration (A) (20, 60,100 mg/L) and sampling time (B) (7, 14, 21, and 35 days) were involved in the study for removal efficiency (Y) as response. CCD had required a total of 18 experiments for each compound. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted to verify the adequacy of the proposed mathematical models and revealed good agreement with the experimental data. The observed R2 values (0.9732 and 0.9870), adjusted R2 (0.9620 and 0.9816) and predicted R2 (0.9383 and 0.9721) for AC and MP, respectively, indicated that the developed models were significant at the 95% probability level. Concentration factor was found to be insignificant in the mathematical models; in contrast, sampling time was found to be of a crucial role. The removal of AC and MP were 89.23% and 64.48% under optimum conditions of A = 100 mg/L and B = 35 days respectively. The validation test confirmed the predicted results obtained by Central Composite Design, as the removals achieved under optimum conditions were 91.04% and 59.17% for AC and MP, respectively, which were in good agreement with the results proposed by the theoretical design.

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Biosorption of Heavy Metals from Synthetic Wastewater by Using Macro Algae Collected from Iraqi Marshlands

Bahaa Shaymaa, Al-Baldawi Israa Abdulwahab, Yaseen Safaa Rasheed, Abdullah Siti Rozaimah Sheikh

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 20, nr 11

18--22

EN

Biosorption is fast, effective and low cost process. It takes place in a wide range of temperature and it can be used for almost all types of heavy metals. The aim of this study was to investigate the ability of locally collected green macro algae to remove copper, chromium and cadmium from synthetic wastewater. The fresh algae were converted into dry powder as biosorbent. In the investigations, 1 g of macro algae powder was exposed to synthetic waste water contaminated with 10 mg/L concentration of copper, chromium and cadmium in separate exposure for 2 hours. The best removal efficiency for copper, chromium and cadmium were 70%, 80% and 85%, respectively, from the initial concentration of 10 mg/L. While macro algae are abundantly available in marshlands of south Iraq, it can be preferably utilized as biosorbent to remove heavy metals from the industrial wastewater.