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Balance control contributors - the relationships between leg strength and balance control ability in seniors

Łapszo J., Giovanis V., Prusik K., Prusik K.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2012

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Vol. 14, no. 3

3-8

EN

The paper presents a study on leg strength as a balance control ability contributor. 9 seniors with the average age of 69.8 years participated in the experimental study. A psychomotor efficiency timer and a standard stabilograph were used in the study. The timer consisted of a computer, a controller and an arm and leg strength measurement station. The subjects performed stepping up movements with the left and right leg in response to two audio-visual signals. The strength of legs was measured indirectly by the time of straightening the first leg put on the step-box. The balance control ability was tested on the basis of the length of the line of center pressure oscillations in the standing position on a force platform. The relationships between the tested factors were examined on the basis of Pearson's correlation. We have found a strong correlation between the balance control ability and the left (0.77) and the right (0.83) leg relative strength and correlation between the strength of the left and the right leg (0.95). Our study has shown that relative leg strength may be treated as a contributor to postural balance control ability.

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The manner of research into psychomotor transfer in sport on the basis of learning process analysis

Łapszo J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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2002

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Vol. 4, nr 1

91-100

EN

The presented manner of investigating transfer was illustrated on the basis of research into 12 senior and 10 junior members of the Polish male national table tennis team, 6 highly skilled, adult, female table tennis players, 23 children practising table tennis, 13 highly-skilled male tennis players, and 9 adult, male competitors, highly skilled in other, non-racket sports. The term psychomotor learning was introduced. This learning was divided into movement, skills and situation motor behaviour. The research depended on the multiple repetition of a series of 17 simulated ball hitting movements and measuring the speed of these movements. The results were approximated by an exponential curve. Transfer was examined on the basis of the speed and range of learning calculated with respect to learning curves. The ratio of these two magnitudes was treated as the index of transfer. This reflected the transfer of the anticipatory experience and motor skills learned in real table tennis play to the conditions of simulated play. The index of transfer was the highest among female seniors and children, lower among male seniors and juniors practising table tennis and tennis, and the lowest among the group representing other sports. The research demonstrated the greater flexibility of anticipatory schemas and ball hitting skills in the group of female seniors and children than among the male seniors and juniors. The lowest transfer occurred in the group of other sports because of the small number of anticipatory and motor skills useful in table tennis play.

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Psychomotor efficiency profiles of the members of the senior and junior Polish national table-tennis team

Łapszo J., Kołodziejczyk J.

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

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1999

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Vol. 1, nr 1

65-70

EN

The psychomotor efficiency of 10 senior and 10 junior players of the Polish table-tennis team was tested. Two factors were differentiated in the structure of psychomotor efficiency: psychomotor control and psychomotor state. The table-tennis simulator was used in the research. The psychomotor efficiency was measured in complex and analytical ways. The speeds of anticipatory (complex factor) and simple (psychomotor state) ball-hitting movements were investigated. The anticipation (movement control) and behavioral fluctuation (psychomotor control) indexes were introduced. These factors were used to draw up psychomotor profiles of seniors, juniors, a champion (the best senior) and freely chosen player. Differences between the champion's profile and those of the groups and the freely chosen player were found. The senior's and juniors' profiles differ in complex efficiency, but among the structural factors only in motor speed potential (psychomotor state).