PL
 |
EN
Preferencje help
Polish version English version Język
Widoczny [Schowaj] Abstrakt
Liczba wyników

Znaleziono wyników: 14

Liczba wyników na stronie
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
Wyniki wyszukiwania
help Sortuj według:

help Ogranicz wyniki do:
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
1
Content available Mathematical predictions of brass/steel ingot structures
Wołczyński W., Ivanowa A. A., Kwapisiński P.
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
|
2018
|
nr 56 (128)
47--54
EN
Metallographic studies performed on a cross-section of static steel ingot allow the observation of the following morphological zones: a) columnar grains (treated as austenite single crystals), b) zone of the columnar into equiaxed grains transformation (CET), and c) equiaxed grains at the ingot axis. These zones are reproduced theoretically by the numerical simulation. The simulation is based on the calculation of both the temperature field in a solidifying large steel ingot and the thermal gradient field obtained for the same boundary conditions. In particular, a new, innovative method based on the mathematical treatment applied to different functions resulting from both the aforementioned fields, are used in the structural predictions. The method developed, firstly for the massive steel ingot, has subsequently been applied to theoretically predict the structural zones in continuously cast brass ingots. In the case of continuously cast brass ingots three different morphologies were revealed experimentally: a) columnar structures, b) equiaxed structures preceded by the CET (sharp transition), and c) single crystals situated axially. The above model for the structural zones prediction is useful in plastic deformation design for: a) steel forging ingots assigned for the crankshafts applied to the ship engines, and b) continuously cast brass ingots assigned for special applications in the shipbuilding industry.
2
Content available Complex Reagent Efficiency in Reduction of Copper from the Slags in Conditions of the Smelter & Refinery Plant - Głogów
Wołczyński W., Migas P., Bydałek A. W., Najman K., Senderowski C., Kwapisiński P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2018
|
Vol. 18, iss. 3
86--90
EN
The copper droplets contained in the post-processing liquid slag are subjected to the treatment by the complex reagent. The complex reagent has been recently elaborated and patented in frame of the Grant No. PBS3/A5/45/2015. In particular, the complex reagent is dedicated to the post-processing slags coming from the Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów, as a product of the direct-to-blister technology performed in the flash furnace. The recently patented complex reagent effectively assists not only in agglomeration, and coagulation but also in the deposition of the copper droplets at the bottom of crucible / furnace as well. The treatment of the post-processing slags by the complex reagent was performed in the BOLMET S.A. Company as in the industrial conditions which were similar to those usually applied in the KGHM – Polish Copper (Smelter and Refinery Plant, Głogów). The competition between buoyancy force and gravity is studied from the viewpoint of the required deposition of coagulated copper droplets. The applied complex reagent improves sufficiently the surface free energy of the copper droplets. In the result, the mechanical equilibrium between coagulated copper droplets and surrounding liquid slag is properly modified. Finally, sufficiently large copper droplets are subjected to a settlement on the crucible / furnace bottom according to the requirements.
3
Content available Structural Transformations Versus Hard Particles Motion in the Brass Ingots
Wołczyński W., Ivanova A. A., Kwapisiński P., Olejnik E.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2017
|
Vol. 62, iss. 4
2461--2467
EN
A mathematical method for the forecast of the type of structure in the steel static ingot has been recently developed. Currently, the method has been applied to structural zones prediction in the brass ingots obtained by the continuous casting. Both the temperature field and thermal gradient field have been calculated in order to predict mathematically the existence of some structural zones in the solidifying brass ingot. Particularly, the velocity of the liquidus isotherm movement and thermal gradient behavior versus solidification time have been considered. The analysis of the mentioned velocity allows the conclusion that the brass ingots can evince: chilled columnar grains-, (CC), fine columnar grains-, (FC), columnar grains-, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E), and even the single crystal, (SC), situated axially. The role of the mentioned morphologies is analyzed to decide whether the hard particles existing in the brass ingots can be swallowed or rejected by the solid / liquid (s/l) interface of a given type of the growing grains. It is suggested that the columnar grains push the hard particles to the end of a brass ingot during its continuous casting.
4
Content available Structural Analysis of the Selected Products From the Suspension Furnace Produced in the Internal Recycling
Bydałek A. W., Schlafka P., Grządko K., Wołczyński W., Kwapisiński P., Bromber S., Wędrychowicz M.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 2
9--14
EN
There are presents the internal recycling in anode furnace, in addition to mainly blister copper and converter copper. During the process there arise the two types of semi-finished products intended for further pyro metallurgical processing: anode copper and anode slag. The stream of liquid blister copper enters into the anode furnace treatment, in which the losses are recovered, e.g. copper, resulting from oxidation and reduction of sulfides, oxides and the oxidation of metallic compounds of lead, zinc and iron. In the liquid phase there are still gaseous states, which gives the inverse relationship relating to the solid phase, wherein the gases found an outlet in waste gas or steam. The results of chemical analysis apparently differ from each other, because crystallite placement, the matrix structure and the presence of other phases and earth elements are not compared, which can be regained in the process of electrorefining. One should not interpret negatively smaller proportion of copper in the alloy, since during the later part of the production more elements can be obtained, for example from sludge, such as platinum group metals and lanthanides. According to the research the quality of blister copper, to a large extent, present in the alloy phase to many other elements, which can be recovered.
5
Content available Some Similarities / Differences between Steel Static and Virtual Brass Static Casting
Kwapisiński P., Ivanova A. A., Kania B., Wołczyński W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 1
109--114
EN
An innovative method for determining the structural zones in the large static steel ingots has been described. It is based on the mathematical interpretation of some functions obtained due to simulation of temperature field and thermal gradient field for solidifying massive ingot. The method is associated with the extrema of an analyzed function and with its points of inflection. Particularly, the CET transformation is predicted as a time-consuming transition from the columnar- into equiaxed structure. The equations dealing with heat transfer balance for the continuous casting are presented and used for the simulation of temperature field in the solidifying virtual static brass ingot. The developed method for the prediction of structural zones formation is applied to determine these zones in the solidifying brass static ingot. Some differences / similarities between structure formation during solidification of the steel static ingot and virtual brass static ingot are studied. The developed method allows to predict the following structural zones: fine columnar grains zone, (FC), columnar grains zone, (C), equiaxed grains zone, (E). The FCCT-transformation and CET-transformation are forecast as sharp transitions of the analyzed structures. Similarities between steel static ingot morphology and that predicted for the virtual brass static ingot are described.
6
Content available Role of the Structural and Thermal Peclet Numbers in the Brass Continuous Casting
Kwapisiński P., Lipnicki Z., Ivanova A. A., Wołczyński W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2017
|
Vol. 17, iss. 2
49--54
EN
The Structural Peclet Number has been estimated experimentally by analyzing the morphology of the continuously cast brass ingots. It allowed to adapt a proper development of the Ivantsov’s series in order to formulate the Growth Law for the columnar structure formation in the brass ingots solidified in stationary condition. Simultaneously, the Thermal Peclet Number together with the Biot, Stefan, and Fourier Numbers is used in the model describing the heat transfer connected with the so-called contact layer (air gap between an ingot and crystallizer). It lead to define the shape and position of the s/l interface in the brass ingot subjected to the vertical continuous displacement within the crystallizer (in gravity). Particularly, a comparison of the shape of the simulated s/l interface at the axis of the continuously cast brass ingot with the real shape revealed at the ingot axis is delivered. Structural zones in the continuously cast brass ingot are revealed: FC – fine columnar grains, C – columnar grains, E – equiaxed grains, SC – single crystal situated axially.
7
Content available Determining the Degree of Removal of Copper From Slag
Bydałek A. W., Migas P., Wołczyński W., Biernat S., Bydałek A., Jasińska K., Kwapisiński P.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2016
|
Vol. 16, iss. 4
41--46
EN
The scope of work included the launch of the process of refining slag suspension in a gas oven using a variety of technological additives. After the refining process (in the context of copper recovery), an assessment of the effect of selected reagents at the level of the slag refining suspension (in terms of copper recovery). Method sieve separated from the slag waste fraction of metallic, iron - silicate and powdery waste. Comparison of these photographs macroscopic allowed us to evaluate the most advantageous method of separating metallic fraction from the slag. After applying the sample A (with KF2 + NaCl) we note that in some parts of the slag are still large amounts of metallic fraction. The fraction of slag in a large majority of the elements has the same size of 1 mm, and a larger portion of the slag, the size of which is from 2 to 6 mm. Definitely the best way is to remove the copper by means of the component B (with NaCl ) and D (with KF2). However, as a result of removing the copper by means of component C (with CaO) were also obtained a relatively large number of tiny droplets of copper, which was problematic during segregation. In both cases we were able to separate the two fractions in a fast and simple manner.
8
Content available Analysis of Separation Mechanism of The Metallic Phase of Slag in The Direct-To-Blister Process
Bydałek A. W., Wołczyński W., Bydałek A., Schlafka P., Kwapisiński P.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2015
|
Vol. 60, iss. 3
2347--2353
EN
The article discusses the structure of the slag in the liquid state, the properties and interactions within the slag. The analysis of structures occurring in slag suspension were presented with regard to differences in chemical composition in micro-areas. Two different mechanisms for formation of precipitates in Cu-Fe-Pb alloys during extraction were showed.
PL
W artykule omówiono strukturę żużli w stanie ciekłym, oraz właściwości i oddziaływania wewnątrz żużli. Przedstawiono wyniki analiz występujących struktur w żużlu zawiesinowym, w odniesieniu do różnic w składzie chemicznym w mikroobszarach. Wskazano na dwa różne mechanizmy tworzenia wydzieleń stopu Cu-Fe-Pb podczas ekstrakcji.
9
Content available Numerical Model for Solidification Zones Selection in the Large Ingots
Wołczyński W., Kwapisiński P., Kania B., Wajda W., Skuza W., Bydałek A. W.
Archives of Foundry Engineering
|
2015
|
Vol. 15, iss. 4
87--90
EN
A vertical cut at the mid-depth of the 15-ton forging steel ingot has been performed by curtesy of the CELSA – Huta Ostrowiec plant. Some metallographic studies were able to reveal not only the chilled undersized grains under the ingot surface but columnar grains and large equiaxed grains as well. Additionally, the structural zone within which the competition between columnar and equiaxed structure formation was confirmed by metallography study, was also revealed. Therefore, it seemed justified to reproduce some of the observed structural zones by means of numerical calculation of the temperature field. The formation of the chilled grains zone is the result of unconstrained rapid solidification and was not subject of simulation. Contrary to the equiaxed structure formation, the columnar structure or columnar branched structure formation occurs under steep thermal gradient. Thus, the performed simulation is able to separate both discussed structural zones and indicate their localization along the ingot radius as well as their appearance in term of solidification time.
10
Content available remote Simple matematical model for prediction of recrystallization in copper
Błaż L., Kwapisiński P.
Archives of Metallurgy and Materials
|
2009
|
Vol. 54, iss. 1
161-170
EN
Experiments were performed on cold deformed copper annealed at varied temperatures in order to test the effect of deformation on recrystallization kinetics. A simple mathematical model based on Avrami equation was presented for prediction of the recrystallization progress with respect to effect of deformation and annealing temperature. Appropriate constants for mathematical equations were determined by statistical fitting of experimental data. Presented equations for calculation of annealing time that is necessary for receiving 5 % and 95 % recrystallized volume can be used in technological practice.
PL
Przeprowadzono badania wpływu wielkości odkształcenia i temperatury wyżarzania na kinetykę rekrystalizacji miedzi. W oparciu o proste zależności matematyczne oparte na równaniu Avramiego pokazano prosty sposób przewidywania postepów rekrystalizacji w zależności od stopnia wstępnego odkształcenia i warunków wyżarzania. Pokazano sposób wykorzystania liniowej ekstrapolacji wyników eksperymentalnych do określenia odpowiednich stałych w równaniach i sposób wyznaczenia równań opisujacych kinetykę rekrystalizacji. Podano równania, które mogą być wykorzystane w warunkach praktyki przemysłowej do określenia warunków wyzarzania miedzi w celu uzyskania 5% lub 95% objętości zrekrystalizowanej.
11
Złożona interpretacja parametru delta lt w próbie wydłużenia sprężyny (PWS).
Kwapisiński P.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
|
2003
|
R. 48, nr 7
310-315
PL
Przeprowadzone badania miały na celu rozpoznanie zagadnienia dotyczącego wpływu stanu obróbki cieplnej walcówki miedzianej uzyskanej z katod krajowych typu Cu-CATH-1 i Cu-CATH-2 na wartość parametru delta Lt (trwałe wydłużenie sprężyny ALt = L2 - L1, określone na próbce wyżarzonej w temperaturze t) w standardowym teście (PWS) wyznaczania wskaźnika wydłużenia sprężyny. Celem nadrzędnym badań było rozstrzygnięcie rzeczywistych powodów zróżnicowania wyniku wskaźnika wydłużenia sprężyny (SEN) w obrębie tej samej czystości katod miedzianych.
EN
Tests were to carried out with the Polish copper wire rods from the Cu-CATH-1 and Cu-CATH-2 grade cathodes, aimed to investigate an effect of heat treatment conditions on the value of a deltha Lt parameter (permanent spiral elongation deltha Lt = L2-L1 determined for a sample annealed at the temperature t) in a standard elongation test for determining spiral elongation index. This investigation was made to elucidate the reasons for obtaining different spiral elongation numbers (SEN) for copper anodes of the same purity.
12
Badanie walcówki Cu w aspekcie wymagań systemu zapewnienia jakości według ISO 9000 w Hucie Miedzi Cedynia w Orsku.
Kwapisiński P.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
|
1999
|
R. 44, nr 2
71-75
PL
Omówiono rzetelność i dokładność badań wykonywanych na walcówce Cu podczas sterowania cyklem produkcyjnym w procesie Contirod, jak i końcowych badań jakościowych zgodnych z wymaganiami stawianymi przez ISO 9000.
EN
The reliability and precision of examination of the wire during control of the production course in the Contirod(R) process and during the final qualitative studies after ISO 9000 are treated.
13
Wpływ zanieczyszczeń składu chemicznego na temperaturę rekrystalizacji miedzi (analiza literaturowa).
Kwapisiński P., Knych T.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
|
1998
|
R. 43, nr 1
16-21
PL
Wyraźny wpływ na proces rekrystalizacji miedzi mają niektóre pierwiastki dodawane w niewielkich nawet ilościach. Stwierdza się przy tym, że intensywność wpływu dodatków maleje na ogół ze wzrostem ich zawartości. Próby wyjaśnienia wpływu dodatków na temperaturę rekrystalizacji często odwołują się do stwierdzenia, że hamują one proces migracji granic ziarn. Nie znane jest w pełni oddziaływanie dodatków na proces zarodkowania. Trudny również do przewidzenia jest pojedynczy, jak i sumaryczny, wpływ domieszek na temperaturę rekrystalizacji. Przydatność walcówki miedzianej na druty emaliowane jest określana na podstawie badań określających jej podatność do rekrystalizacji.
EN
The recrystallization of copper is distinctly influenced by some elements even if they are added in little quantities. It has been stated that the intensity of their influence generally diminishes with the growth of their content. The trials to elucidate the influence of additions on the recrystallization temperature often adduce the statement that they hamper the migration process of the granule reach. The influence of additions on the sporification process is not fully known. The singular and global influence of admixtures on the recrystallization temperature is also difficult to foresee. The usability of the copper-wire rod for the enamel wires is defined on the ground of examination of its susceptibility to crystallization.
14
Charakterystyki wyżarzania drutów z walcówki Cu.
Kwapisiński P., Knych T.
Rudy i Metale Nieżelazne
|
1998
|
R. 43, nr 2
69-72
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki badań wpływu temperatury i czasu wyżarzania drutów miedzianych na ich własności po wyżarzaniu. Celem badań był dobór wartości odkształcenia i parametrów obróbki cieplnej umożliwiających opracowanie niskotemperaturowego testu określania podatności miedzi do wyżarzania.
EN
The results of investigation of the influence of temperature and of duration of annealing of copper wires on their properties after the annealing are presented. The aim of the study was selection of the degree of strain and of the parameters of heat treatment which would enable elaboration of a low-temperature test for definition of the copper suppleness to annealing.
first rewind previous Strona / 1 next fast forward last
JavaScript jest wyłączony w Twojej przeglądarce internetowej. Włącz go, a następnie odśwież stronę, aby móc w pełni z niej korzystać.