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Osteointegration technology in long bone defect reconstruction: experimental study

Popkov Arnold, Kononovich Natalia, Gorbach Elena, Popkov Dmitry

Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics

2020

Vol. 22, no. 4

85--91

The purpose of this experimental study was to evaluate the osteointegration of a bioactive 3D-cylindrical titanium-alloy implant (bone-graft substitute) for tibial shaft defect reconstruction. Methods: An experimental study was done in 7 mongrel dogs. Tibial shaft defect was repaired using an original titanium-alloy (Ti6Al4V) cellular cylindrical implant. with a bioactive layer of hydroxyapatite by anode microarc oxidation. Histological study (hematoxylin-eosin stain and immunohistological reaction using ostepontin polyclonal antibodies) and scanning electron microscopy (electron probe X-ray microanalysis for calcium and phosphorus saturation in the tissue matrix) were applied to assess bone tissue regeneration. Results: Experimental study revealed osteoconduction starting from the endosteum of bone fragments adjacent to the bone defect and developed to the central part of the implant. In 4 weeks, graft osteointegration was achieved in all animals. Implant cells were filled with spongy bone tissue and the graft external surface was covered with a connective tissue structures similar to the periosteum ones. Conclusions: Cellular titanium bone-graft substitute with bioactive coatings placed into bone defect stimulates reparative osteogenesis and graft osteointegration.