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1

Microstructural analysis of two poly(propyl acrylates): poly(n-propyl acrylate) and poly(isopropyl acrylate), based on the carbonyl signal in the 13C NMR spectra

Pasich M., Henzel N., Matlengiewicz M

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2018

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T. 24, Nr 1 (181)

56--63

EN

The samples of poly(n-propyl acrylate), PnPrA, and poly(isopropyl acrylate), PiPrA, were synthesized by free radical polymerization in solution (butan-2-one). The 100 MHz 13C NMR spectra of these homopolymers were recorded in two deuterated solvents: chloroform (CDCl3) and benzene (C6D6). In the spectra of both PnPrA and PiPrA recorded in CDCl3 the carbonyl signal was split at the level of configurational triads, while in C6D6 this signal revealed heptad splitting for PiPrA and pentad splitting for PnPrA.

PL

Próbki poli(akrylanu n-propylu), PnPrA, i poli(akrylanu izopropylu), PiPrA, otrzymano w polimeryzacji rodnikowej w roztworze butan-2-onu. Widma 100 MHz 13C NMR tych homopolimerów zarejestrowano w dwóch deuterowanych rozpuszczalnikach: chloroformie (CDCl3) i benzenie (C6D6). Na widmach PnPrA i PiPrA, zarejestrowanych w deuterowanym chloroformie, sygnał węgli karbonylowych (C=O) ulega rozszczepieniu na poziomie triad konfiguracyjnych, podczas gdy dla deuterowanego benzenu sygnał C=O PiPrA rozszczepia się na poziomie heptad, a dla PnPrA pentad konfiguracyjnych.

2

Microstructural analysis of poly(n-propyl acrylate) and poly(isopropyl acrylate) based on the backbone β-methylene carbon signal in the 13C NMR spectra

Pasich M., Siołek M., Henzel N., Matlengiewicz M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2016

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T. 22, Nr 5 (173)

451--457

EN

The samples of poly(n-propyl acrylate), PnPrA, and poly(isopropyl acrylate), PiPrA, were synthesized by free radical polymerization in solution (butan-2-one). The 100 MHz 13C NMR spectra of these homopolymers were recorded in two deuterated solvents: chloroform (CDCl3) and benzene (C6D6). In the PnPrA spectra, the backbone β-methylene carbon signal (β-CH2) (33.0 - 36.5 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads for CDCl3 and C6D6. In the PiPrA spectra, the β-CH2 signal (32.5 - 36.5 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads in both solvents.

PL

Próbki poli(akrylanu n-propylu), PnPrA, i poli(akrylanu izopropylu), PiPrA, otrzymano w polimeryzacji rodnikowej w roztworze. Widma 100 MHz 13C NMR tych homopolimerów zarejestrowano w dwóch deuterowanych rozpuszczalnikach: chloroformie (CDCl3) i benzenie (C6D6). Na widmach PnPrA, zarejestrowanych w deuterowanym chloroformie i benzenie sygnał, węgli metylenowych (β-CH2) (33,0 - 36,5 ppm) ulega rozszczepieniu się na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych, natomiast sygnał β-CH2 (32,5 - 36,5 ppm) poli(akrylanu izopropylu) rozszczepia się na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych.

3

Incremental calculation of sequence distribution of isotactic poly(isobutyl acrylate) and poly(sec-butyl acrylate)

Siołek M., Pasich M., Henzel N., Matlengiewicz M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2015

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T. 21, Nr 2 (164)

161--165

EN

The microstructure characterization of two butyl acrylate homopolymers poly(isobutyl acrylate), PiBuA and poly(sec-butyl acrylate), PsBuA, prepared by anionic polymerization, was investigated by ¹³C NMR spectroscopy. It was found that the carbonyl signal in the 100 MHz ¹³C NMR spectra of both homopolymers was sensitive to configurational effects and provided sufficient resolution to perform detailed analysis of sequence distribution at the triad/pentad level. The line assignments can be verified by spectral simulation based on incremental calculation of the chemical shifts of individual sequences.

PL

Wykorzystując spektroskopię ¹³C NMR przeprowadzono charakterystykę mikrostrukturalną dwóch homopolimerów akrylowych, poli(akrylanu izobutylu), PiBuA, oraz poli(akrylanu sec-butylu), PsBuA, uzyskanych na drodze polimeryzacji anionowej. Stwierdzono, że sygnał karbonylowy obydwu homopolimerów jest czuły na efekty konfiguracyjne, a rozdzielczość sygnału C=O pozwala na analizę rozkładu sekwencji na poziomie triad i pentad konfiguracyjnych. Przypisanie sygnałów zostało zweryfikowane przez komputerową symulację widma opartą na inkrementalnych obliczeniach przesunięć chemicznych poszczególnych sekwencji.

4

Distribution of configurational sequences in poly(n-butyl methacrylate) by 13C NMR spectroscopy

Pasich M., Siołek M., Henzel N., Matlengiewicz M.

Przetwórstwo Tworzyw

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2014

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[R.] 20, nr 6 (162)

555--561

EN

Microstructural analysis of macromolecular chain of poly(n-butyl methacrylate) was performed using 13C NMR spectroscopy. The samples of PnBuMA, were synthesized in two ways: free radical polymerization and anionic polymerization. The 100 MHz 13C NMR spectra of this homopolymer were recorded in deutereted chloroform. The carbonyl signal in the region from 175.5 to 178.5 ppm was found to be sensitive to chain configuration at the heptad level, while the β-methylene signal of the carbon chain (49.0-55.0 ppm) was split up to configurational hexads.

PL

Badania mikrostruktury poli(metakrylanu n-butylu) przeprowadzono z wykorzystaniem spektroskopii 13C NMR. Próbki PnBuMA uzyskano na drodze polimeryzacji wolnorodnikowej i anionowej. Widma 100 MHz 13C NMR homopolimeru metakrylanu n-butylu zarejestrowano w deuterowanym chloroformie. Sygnał karbonylowy w zakresie od 175,5 do 178,5 ppm, jest czuły na efekty konfiguracyjne na poziomie heptad, natomiast sygnał węgli metylenowych z łańcucha głównego (49,0 - 55,0 ppm) rozszczepia się na poziomie heksad konfiguracyjnych.

5

Generalized ordered linear regression with regularization

Łęski J., Henzel N.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Technical Sciences

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2012

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Vol. 60, nr 3

481-489

EN

Linear regression analysis has become a fundamental tool in experimental sciences. We propose a new method for parameter estimation in linear models. The 'Generalized Ordered Linear Regression with Regularization' (GOLRR) uses various loss functions (including the o-insensitive ones), ordered weighted averaging of the residuals, and regularization. The algorithm consists in solving a sequence of weighted quadratic minimization problems where the weights used for the next iteration depend not only on the values but also on the order of the model residuals obtained for the current iteration. Such regression problem may be transformed into the iterative reweighted least squares scenario. The conjugate gradient algorithm is used to minimize the proposed criterion function. Finally, numerical examples are given to demonstrate the validity of the method proposed.

6

Szereg czasowy zbiorów rozmytych w opisie i analizie sygnałów elektrokardiograficznych

Henzel N., Gacek A., Łęski J.

Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna

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2011

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Vol. 17, nr 4

313-316

PL

W pracy przedstawiono ujednolicenie metod opisu sygnałów elektrokardiograficznych za pomocą koncepcji szeregu czasowego zbiorów rozmytych. Sygnał elektrokardiograficzny jest przetwarzany w "ruchomym oknie" czasowym i przekształcany na szereg czasowy funkcji przynależności zbiorów rozmytych. Jako szczególne przypadki wprowadzonej metody można rozważać koncepcję sygnału rozmytego oraz ciąg ziaren informacyjnych.

EN

The unification of the electrocardiography signals description methods by means of time series of fuzzy sets, is presented. The electrocardiographic signal is processed in a “moving window” and transformed into a time series of fuzzy sets membership functions. The idea of fuzzy signal and the sequence of information granules can be considered as special case of the presented method.

7

Frequency and time constrained digital filter design

Henzel N.

Journal of Medical Informatics & Technologies

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2006

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Vol. 10

103--112

EN

This paper describes a new method for linear phase finite impulse response (FIR) filters design. This new approach, based on the ε-insensitive loss function, allows the design process to take into account not only constraints specified in the frequency domain, but also constraints on the output, time domain, signal. The performances of the proposed approach are shortly illustrated by a high-pass filter for ECG baseline wander reduction.

8

Minimum hypervolume clustering algorithm

Łęski J., Henzel N.

Machine Graphics and Vision

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2002

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Vol. 11, No. 1

123-132

EN

The Hard C-Means (HCM) clustering method is one of the most popular clustering methods based on minimization of a criterion function. However, one of the greates disadvantage of this method is that the performance of the HCM is good only when the data set contains clusters that have approximately the same size and shape. The paper is devoted to a new clustering algorithm, called minimum hypervolume clustering (MHC), that seeks C hyperellipsoids with the smallest hypervolumes that enclose all the data points. Performances of the new clustering algorithm are experimentally verified using synthetic and real life data containing clusters with different size and orientations.

9

A Neuro-Fuzzy System Based on Logical Interpretation of If-then Rules

Łęski J., Henzel N.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

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2000

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Vol. 10, no 4

703-722

EN

Several important fuzzy implications and their properties are described on the basis of an axiomatic approach to the definition of the fuzzy implications. Then the idea of approximate reasoning using the generalized modus ponens and fuzzy implications is considered. The elimination of the non-informative part of the final fuzzy set before defuzzification plays the key role in this paper. After reviewing well-known fuzzy systems, a new artificial neural network based on logical interpretation of if-then rules (ANBLIR) is introduced. Moreover, this system automatically generates rules from numerical data. Applications of ANBLIR to pattern recognition on numerical examples using benchmark databases are indicated.

10

A Neuro-Fuzzy System Using Logical Interpretation of If-Then Rules and its Application to Diabetes Mellitus Forecasting

Łęski J., Henzel N.

Archives of Control Sciences

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1999

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Vol. 9, no. 1/2

107-122

EN

Initially, an axiomatic definition of fuzzy implication has been recalled. Next, several important fuzzy implications and their properties have been described. Then, the idea of approximate reasoning using generalized modus ponens and fuzzy implication are considered. After reviewing well-known fuzzy systems, a new Artificial Neural network Based on Logical Interpretation of if-then Rules (ANBLIR) is introduced. The elimination of non-informative part of final fuzzy set before defuzzification plays the pivotal role in this system. The application of ANBLIR to recognition of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in Pima Indians is shown.