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Geographical Origin and Solvent Type Impact on Inula viscosa (L.) Aiton Grown in El Menzel – Morocco – Insights into Bioactivity and Applications

Tlemcani Sara, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Hmamou Anouar, Lahkimi Amal, Touijer Hanane, Kara Mohammed, Idrissi Amine Mounadi, Bekkari Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2024

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Vol. 25, iss. 2

168--177

EN

Geographical origin and environmental factors have a significant impact on the constituents and the biological properties of medicinal and aromatic plants. Herein, the Inula viscosaplant grown in El Menzel – Morocco were investigated with a focus on the impact of geographical province and solvent type on the mass yield and the biological activities of plant extracts. Chemical composition was characterized by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). Antimicrobial activity was determined using the disk diffusion method and the microdilution test against eight clinical fungal, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial isolates. The chemical composition results showed that the plant has good nutritional quality in terms of protein, carbohydrates, lipids and dietary fiber. In fact, alkaloids and saponisides are the most predominant chemical compounds in Inula vuscosa. Meanwhile, eighty volatile compounds were identified, representing 95% of the total essential oil content, the main component of which is tetra-pentacontane (11.26%). Furthermore, results showed high antioxidant activity, with efficacy increasing in the order: essential oil > chloroform extract > ethereal extract > ethanolic extract. In addition, both chloroformic extract and essential oil demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against all strains tested. This study highlights the influence of geographical variations and extraction solvents on the bioactivity of Inula viscosa, offering insights into its potential applications in pharmacology and nutraceuticals.

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Cactus and Holm Oak Acorn for Efficient Textile Wastewater Treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation Process Optimization Using Box-Benhken Design

Adachi Abderrazzak, Soujoud Radouane, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Tarik Moubchir, Hmamou Anouar, Eloutassi Noureddine, Lahkimi Amal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

315--328

EN

In this study, the effectiveness of using natural bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants to treat textile wastewater through the coagulation-flocculation method was examined. These bio-based agents have several advantages over chemical agents, including biodegradability, natural abundance, low toxicity, and low cost. A bio-coagulant (holm oak acorn (HOA)) and a bio-flocculant (cactus juice) were used to investigate the capacity for turbidity removal and decolorization of textile wastewater. The UV spectrophotometer was used to characterize the discharges before and after treatment, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) levels were calculated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to optimize the process and reduce turbidity and decolorization in textile wastewater. The obtained results show that under the optimal conditions (0.5 g·L-1 of HOA, 15 mL·L-1 of cactus juice, and a pH of 7), decolorization and turbidity removal were achieved at 69% and 90%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of using bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants in the treatment of textile wastewater.

3

Removal of Dyes by Adsorption Process Using Date Pits as Material Environmentally Friendly

Adachi Abderrazzak, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, El Manssouri Ibtissam, Moussaoui Fatima, El Bourachdi Soukaina, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

181--193

EN

This study is based on the use of a natural material in the adsorption process to remove organic pollutants. The objective is to assess its effectiveness in adsorbing the organic pollutant MB from an aqueous solution, while operating in an open system. The DP bioadsorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM. To determine their effect on adsorption efficiency, a number of variables were examined, including contact time, concentration of pollutant MB, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, and adsorbent particle size. The effect of these variables on adsorption efficiency shows that a removal rate of 92.66% is achieved under optimum conditions, including a contact time of 35 minutes, a concentration of pollutant MB of 22.5 mg·l-1, an adsorbent mass (mDP) of 1.1 g·l-1 and a solution pH of 5.6. In addition, a progressive decrease in adsorption efficiency is observed with increasing temperature and adsorbent mass. On the other hand, this efficiency increases with increasing a concentration of pollutant MB. Three popular models, the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubin-Radushkevich models, have been used to examine the adsorption isotherms of the MB dye on DP. With a correlation factor of 0.98, it was discovered that MB adsorption monitored by the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models, however, do not adequately describe the data. The kinetic results were studied using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, and show that MB dye adsorption on DP (adsorbent) follows the pseudo-second-order model. Also estimated were thermodynamic parameters such as (ΔH°), (ΔS°), (ΔG°), enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy respectively to anticipate the character of adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption process of MB on the bioadsorbent is exothermic. The results derived from the ΔG° values lead to the conclusion that the adsorption of MB occurs spontaneously.

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Chemical Composition and Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil of Wild and Cultivated Rosmarinus Officinalis from Two Moroccan Localities

Elyemni Majda, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Lahkimi Amal, Elkamli Taha, Bouia Abdelhak, Eloutassi Noureddine

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

214--222

EN

This research aimed to measure the impact of provenance on the yield, chemical profile and antimicrobial activity of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EO) collected from cultivated and wild plants from two different regions in Morocco (Fez and Figuig). The chemical composition analysis was accomplished utilizing the GC-MS techniques. Sixteen compounds were identified in the EO of both samples, dominated by 1,8-cineole (32.18%), camphor (16.20%) and α-pinene (15.40%) in cultivated type. The α-pinene (51.19) presents the majority compound in the rosemary samples collected from the wild populations.The antimicrobial activity was investigated by using the broth dilution methods against yeast, four bacterial strains and two molds. Rosemary aerial part provided EO with the highest yield and comes from Figuig. The GC-MS analysis demonstrated the existence of two chemotypes of oils: α-pinene as well as 1,8-cineole/camphor/α-pinene. Both EOs showed good antimicrobial activity against all microbial strains. The essential oil produced by Fez plants was the most effective against the selected microorganisms having MIC values of 0.315–2.5 mg/L.

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Application of the Plackett-Burman Design on Soil Fertility Determinants

Mehdaoui Imane, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Saoudi Hassani El Mokhtar, Ben Abbou Mohamed, Elhaji Mounia, Akhazane Mohamed, Taleb Mustapha, Rais Zakia

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 12

254--263

EN

In the present review article, a soil from the region of Fez-Sefrou Morocco was screened for some physicochemical characteristics using the Plackett-Burman model in order to determine the most important factors that promote its fertility. Five independent variables were selected: pH, electrical conductivity, humidity, organic matter, and C/N ratio. These variables were evaluated by statistical analysis, based on their significance, the value of the coefficient of determination and the Pareto chart. The results suggest that humidity and C/N ratio have an influence with a high level of confidence, while the other three show no significant effect on the content of nutrients in the soil. The analysis of the R2 variance value also showed that the models used for prediction were large and significant factors (p less than 0.05). Pareto chart plots for each response and its characteristics provided accurate data to select well-fitting variables for further optimization.

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Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of the Wastewater in Fez City (Morocco) Using a Multivariate Statistical Method

El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Elyemni Majda, Adachi Abderrazzak, Hmamou Anouar, Bendaoud Ahmed, Chaouch Mehdi, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

15--25

EN

Similar to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, Morocco faces problems of degradation of the quality of its environment and more specifically the quality of groundwater. In this work, we approached the physico-chemical characterization of the raw effluents of three industrial units in Fez city, namely the textile industry (U1), the copperware industry (U2), olive oil industry (U3) chosen for their degree of pollution and their environmental impact,the aim of which is to highlight the degree and nature of the pollution generated by these effluents, and their biodegradability during the winter period January to February of 2018, when the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is malfunctioning. A set of samplings and measurements of different physico-chemical pollution parameters were carried out such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, chlorides, BOD5, COD, suspended solids (SS), Ca2+, K+, as well as heavy metals. The results show that the U3 effluent is highly loaded in organic matter with high COD (37600 mg O2/L) and BOD5 (13000 mg O2/L), while the U2 effluent contains very high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) 91,8, 71, 55,4, 53, 28 mg/L, respectively. on the other hand, the U1 effluent is characterized by high SS contents, and concentrations of Ca2+, K+ exceed Moroccan standards. The COD/BOD5 ratio shows that U1and U2 effluents are difficult to biodegrade even if their organic loads are low. In the light of these results, it is recommended that these discharges be pre-treated before they are discharged into the liquid sewer system.