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1 Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

1 2023

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Determination of potential replacement of natural carbon raw materials with walnut waste in the reduction process of metal recovery

Ptak Szymon, Matula Tomasz, Smalcerz Albert, Labaj Jerzy, Blacha Leszek, Findorak R., Vaskova Iveta

Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering

2023

Vol. 121, nr 1

174--183

The article presents the research results on the possibility of replacing carbon-based raw materials in recycling or metal production processes. The obtained results will verify the possibility of using biomass material in the metal production process in terms of effectiveness and the impact of the resulting products on elements of research equipment. Experimental confirmation of the possibility of replacing coke or reducing its consumption through biomass materials, thus reducing the creation of a carbon footprint, is part of the circular economy. Undertaking such a type of research aims to verify the thermodynamic analysis and supplement the database that will be used in development work carried out on a larger scale, which may translate into industrial applications in the future. Design/methodology/approach Thermodynamic analysis of the metal oxide reduction process using biomass raw materials indicates the possibility of their use in non-ferrous metal recovery technology. The results obtained from thermogravimetric tests of biomass make it possible to determine the share of volatile components, which constitute an important element supporting the ongoing processes. Findings Obtaining knowledge on using biomass raw materials to reduce oxide metal-bearing raw materials and the impact on the efficiency and durability of device components will translate into broader research on an industrial scale. The results of such a type of research will allow decisions to be made about the use of biomass materials in industrial processes. Practical implications Clearly defined parameters of the process of reducing metal oxides with biomass materials, which are an alternative to standardly used carbon-bearing raw materials such as coke, will allow for reducing the carbon footprint and will contribute to reducing fees related to the ETS system, which will have a direct impact on reducing production costs. Originality/value The results of laboratory tests of the biomass reduction process are a novelty that has not yet found its place in industrial conditions. The increase in restrictions on the environmental impact, both from the extraction of natural resources and gas emissions, including CO2, resulted in a relatively rapid increase in production costs, at least in the European area. The desire to meet the competition will force metal producers to look for new solutions that will allow them to balance production costs. In such a case, biomass is not the only way to balance prices. Introducing biomass to high-temperature metallurgical reactors may negatively affect equipment components, especially the gas path. This impact must also constitute a field of research to ultimately find the most optimal area in technology, economy and environment to implement the proposed solution fully.