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Study the Effectiveness of the Natural Lagoons for Removal of Organic Matter, Nutrients and Fecal Coliform from Urban Domestic Wastewater under Arid Climate (Morocco)

Osmane Ahmed, Zidan Khadija, Benaddi Rabia, Sebah Imane, Elmouraille Nadia, Ait Ali Mustapha, Belmouden Moustapha

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 2

196--207

EN

Morocco is one of the countries most affected by the scarcity of water resources and the poor distribution of rainfall. Natural lagoon is the most widely used treatment process in Morocco. Indeed, Morocco is a sunny country throughout the year. The lagoon system requires minimal effort in operation and maintenance. Moreover, this system is the best process for removing bacteria indicators. For these reasons, a study of the purification performance of natural lagoons during five years, located in Chichaoua region (Morocco) was carried out. The lagoon system was monitored for five years, with measurements taken every three months at the input and output of the system. It received a hydraulic loading rate (HLR) between 1171 and 2760 m3 with an average of 2053 m3/day. The obtained results show the removal of 37% of TSS, 63% of BOD5, 60% of COD, 61% of NH4+, 37% of TP, and 6.5 log units of coliforms during the mentioned monitoring period. Thus, the effluent values do not always comply with the Moroccan water quality requirement for irrigation reuse. Additionally, the statistical analyses confirm the presence of a strong linear correlation between almost all variables in the lagoon output. Therefore, the performance efficiency of the lagoon in removing organic matter and nutrients was significantly (p < 0.05) dependent on the season. However, the fecal contamination was not significantly (p > 0.05) affected by the seasons in this study. At the end of this study a complementary treatment before the reuse of treated wastewater, was proposed.

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A Review on the Adsorption of Phenol Derivatives from Wastewater

Benaddi Rabia, Osmane Ahmed, Zidan Khadija, El Harfi Khalifa, Ouazzani Naaila

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 4

35--43

EN

Several environmental companies consider phenols compounds to be very dangerous pollutants because they are highly toxic and non-biodegradable, notably their high toxicity in water. For this reason, several processes have been studied by researchers to understand the mechanisms of elimination of phenolic compounds. Adsorption remains the best technique due to its characteristics, in fact, it is non-destructive and simple to use as well as have more other advantages, such as practicality and efficiency and low cost, Therefore, these methods need to be widely developed on an industrial scale to remove phenol derivatives and achieve wastewater quality in accordance with standards. On the other hand, the development of these adsorption methods is highly dependent on new research on materials from abundant natural resources, namely apatites or biomaterials.

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A Review on Processes for Olive Mill Waste Water Treatment

Benaddi Rabia, Osmane Ahmed, Zidan Khadija, El Harfi Khalifa, Ouazzani Naaila

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 7

196--207

EN

The olive mill waste water (OMWW) are effluents issued from the extraction of olive oil, these effluents are cloudy-looking liquids with a reddish-brown color, their pH varies from 4 to 5. They are very rich in polyphenols, which causes many environmental problems, such as water pollution, Currently, on an industrial scale, there is no reliable, efficient, and less expensive technique for OMWW treatment. OMWW are evaporated in watertight basins or discharged into watercourses. Several techniques have been studied to treat these industrial effluents. The objective of this work was to compare these studies to formulate the recommendations that can be adopted for an effective and cheaper treatment of these effluents which constitute a major environmental problem for water resources. Indeed, it can be concluded that it is very difficult to treat OMWW by conventional methods due to its non-biodegradability and high cost of others methods like distillation and oxidation. In the end, it was concluded that for a better OMWW treatment, it is necessary to start firstly by the adsorption of phenolic compounds which are responsible for the nonbiodegradability of OMWW while using cheaper adsorbents namely clays, bio-adsorbents or apatites, then dilute the OMWW with domestic wastewater. The dilution of OMWW by urban wastewater leads to good mineralization of organic matter by enriching the medium with microorganisms, which facilitates the elimination of the organic load and then we use the usual techniques as a plant filter or active sludge for mixture treatment.