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2 2025

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Physicochemical characterization of ionically cross-linked hydrogel matrices with incorporated fananserin derivative

Komaniecka Sandra, Odziomek Kacper, Zaręba Przemysław, Bialik-Wąs Katarzyna

Engineering of Biomaterials

2025

vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 5

The fananserin derivative, such as 1-{6-[4-(2-fluorophenyl)piperazin-1-yl]hexyl}-benzo[cd]indol-2(1H)-one (compound FL-4), represents an interesting biologically active substance that can be incorporated into polymeric carriers. Due to its highly hydrophobic nature and poor solubility in conventional solvents, FL-4 was incorporated into a delivery system to improve its solubility, stability, and bioavailability. Based on preliminary studies and DLS analysis, an optimal concentration of FL-4 (10 mg) was selected, ensuring system stability. This system was incorporated into polymer matrices, resulting in two hydrogel delivery systems: M10-J, containing FL-4, and M10-T-J, which combines a thermosensitive nanocarrier with FL-4, both ionically cross-linked. The systems were evaluated for their physicochemical properties, including swelling abilities, degradation, chemical structure (based on FTIR spectra analysis), morphology (based on SEM images), and substance release profiles. The M10-T-J samples showed a swelling ratio of 0.27 g/g in PBS and 0.35 g/g in water, while M10-J exhibited 0.16 g/g in PBS and 0.2 g/g in water. The pH and conductivity analysis suggested a faster degradation process for M10-T-J hydrogel compared to M10-J. FT-IR analysis confirmed the chemical structure of the materials, revealing significant changes in M10-T-J samples, indicating interactions between FL-4 and CaCl₂ used during cross-linking. SEM and EDS analysis showed a uniform distribution of FL-4 on the matrix surface in both hydrogel variants, with the addition of the thermosensitive nanocarrier not significantly affecting the morphology. The M10-J hydrogel exhibited rapid release of FL-4 within the first 4 h, while M10-T-J showed limited release.

In vitro cytotoxicity and physicochemical evaluation of freeze-dried hydrogel delivery systems of hydrocortisone

Odziomek Kacper, Komaniecka Sandra, Bialik-Wąs Katarzyna

Engineering of Biomaterials

2025

vol. 28, no. 173

art. no. 3

Despite the diversity of available formulations for relieving topical symptoms of chronic skin diseases, inflammation, and hypergranulation tissue resulting from burn wounds, their efficacy is limited by side effects, application inconveniences, including the oiliness of the formulations, and the need for frequent application, which can affect patient compliance. Therefore, research has been carried out on freeze-dried hydrogel delivery systems of hydrocortisone, to evaluate their physicochemical (gel fraction, swelling ratio, pH and conductivity measurements), structural (FTIR), and morphological (SEM) properties, as well as their cytotoxicity (MTT tests). The gel fraction of freeze-dried hydrogel biomaterials (M-TH25 and M-TH50) reached 64% ± 0.3 and 63% ± 1.7, respectively, slightly higher than for the reference matrix (M) (61 ± 0.8). The swelling ratio (pH = 7.4) was in the range of 212–253% and 184–222%, respectively, comparable to the reference sample (208–277%). The incorporation of a thermosensitive polymeric nanocarriers (poly-N-isopropylacrylamide copolymers) containing hydrocortisone in the quantitative range 25–50 mg did not significantly change the overall morphology of the biomaterials. Both M and M-TH25 samples exhibit non-cytotoxicity towards mouse fibroblast cells BALB/3T3 (93% ± 10; 100% ± 8) and L929 (114% ± 8; 72% ± 10) cells with an observable variation in response for the M-TH25 sample, likely due to differences in cell behaviour and surface area. Importantly, M-TH50 sample shows cytotoxic effects (40% ± 5; 59% ± 4) mainly resulting from an excessively high concentration of the incorporated active substance. Further studies are planned (including on the release profile and kinetics of hydrocortisone and the assessment of the therapeutic effect), which may help to select an appropriate concentration of drug in the quantitative range 25-40 mg