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Photogrammetry-Aided Study of the Accuracy and Repeatability of a Modular System for Manufacturing Shelf Ready Packaging

Jakubowicz Michał, Wieczorowski Michał, Gapiński Bartosz, Swojak Natalia, Rogiewicz Filip, Jermak Czesław

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 4

111--127

EN

The paper presents an analysis of the influence of the Shelf Ready Packaging (SRP) machine performance parameters on the repeatability of generated cardboard boxes’ selected geometric features. As part of the research, two batches of packaging were measured. Each batch contained 100 pieces of packaging, manufactured either at a rate of 15 pcs/min or 20 pcs/min, 50 pcs each. Both batches were measured using Creaform’s Academia scanner using VXelements 6.2 software. The results were analyzed using GOM Inspect programming. In the first stage, the geometric repeatability of the products was analyzed on the basis of two selected critical features, which were considered to be the internal length and width of the cardboard packaging. These features are responsible for the proper efficiency of the packaging and the possibility of combining cartons during transportation. The results obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. In the second stage of the research, an analysis of surface deviation maps was carried out against a reference element. Our findings allow it to be concluded that increasing the production output of carton packaging (from 15 to 20 pcs/min) did not negatively affect the dimensional accuracy and repeatability of the process. It was also found that the shortening of packaging production time by increasing productivity had a positive effect on the stability of the manufacturing process of hot-glued SRP packaging.

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Differences in Roughness Parameter Values from Skid and Skidless Contact Stylus Profilometers

Grochalski Karol, Mendak Michał, Jakubowicz Michał, Gapiński Bartosz, Swojak Natalia, Wieczorowski Michał, Krawczyk Aleksandra

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

58--70

EN

Contact stylus profilometry is the leading surface texture measuring method in many manufacturing industries. For years it has been unmatched in terms of accuracy and reliability. Advancements in technology have led to the improvements in the profilometer design. A stylus can either have a built in skid or be skidless. In this study, the influence of skid on the measurement accuracy and repeatability was evaluated. Four different contact stylus profilometers were used to measure three standard roughness artifacts each. Every set of measurements consisted of 50 repetitions of the same profile, with the same parameters. Out of these profiles, five roughness parameters were calculated and were subjected to a statistical analysis. Relative errors of these parameters were also considered and presented individually for each roughness standard. Researchers found differences in the measurement results dispersion of various roughness parameters between the three roughness standards. The presented results of the measurements clearly indicated that there is a dispersion of the obtained values for the older type of contact stylus profilometer (P1, skid). The skidless portable devices, P2 and P3, have better measurement resolution, which results in a noticeably lower dispersion of measured values. A tabletop, stationary device utilizes a skidless measuring probe. It has both the best resolution and the highest rigidity, which results in the lowest dispersion of measured values. The lowest relative error of the Ra parameter was determined for the P2 device (9.2%) and the highest was determined for the P3 device (72.6%).

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Measurement strategy as a determinant of the measurement uncertainty of an optical scanner

Koteras Robert, Wieczorowski Michał, Znaniecki Piotr, Swojak Natalia

Archives of Mechanical Technology and Materials

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2019

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Vol. 39

26--31

EN

The subject of the article is an attempt to determine the impact of the applied measurement strategy on the accuracy of the measurement result. This problem is particularly crucial when measuring large objects. In these cases, it is not always possible to provide ideal conditions for the submission of particular scans. It is necessary to adjust the strategy to specific imposed conditions defined by the geometry of the object and to the time frame of the measurement itself. With regard to the above, an attempt was made to carry out a series of accuracy studies testing the structural light scanner while measuring elements of overall dimensions greater than the measuring capacity of the scanner. At the same time, various potential measuring strategies were simulated in practical applications. Our studies were conducted using a pre-designed test template with a defined distribution pattern of reference points and geometrical elements. Moreover, in order to make an in-depth investigation of the issue, some trials were undertaken with the use of limiting parameters. That means the scanner had both an excess and shortage of information required for a correct assembly of scans. Those scopes were taken into consideration in the study in order to use the acquired knowledge in practical measuring applications. Furthermore, conclusions from the conducted studies indicate peaks and troughs of respective measuring strategies with special care for determining relationships among the used strategies and the measuring accuracy parameters.