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2 Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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Hazards caused by stones in the arable layer of agricultural fields and methods for their removal

Adamczyk Florian, Szulc Tomasz, Kapela Dawid, Rogacki Roman, Szczepaniak Marcin, Kamprowski Rafał

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2025

Vol. 70, nr 1

12--25

The current importance of using various methods of mechanical weed control. These methods are based on the action on the growing undesirable plants (weeds) in the soil of the working elements of tools carrying out mechanical weed elimination (knives, wide blades, chisels) used, for example, in weeders. Their direct contact with stones deposited in the cultivation layer of the field results in excessive, faster frictional wear or even destruction. Other machines at risk of damage from contact with stones are, for example, the cutting units of crop harvesting machines and the working units of combine harvesters for harvesting winter squash and sugar beet. The article identifies the hazards caused by stones in agricultural fields, related to hampering field work and worsening plant vegetation and harvesting conditions. Various stone removal methods are described and illustrated with technical examples. Spot removal of large stones and two-stage and one-stage harvesting from the entire field area are discussed. It was pointed out that the diverse range of machines available on the market makes it possible to fully mechanise the removal of stones, and that the high costs of such a procedure can be fully compensated by the removal of hazards to the working units of the machines and an increase in the quality of the crop.

Laboratory Tests of Two Versions of a Planting Tool for Seedlings with a Covered Root System – Comparison, Part 1

Szaroleta Michał, Legutko Stanislaw, Kapela Dawid, Rogacki Roman, Mac Jarosław

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

2024

Vol. 69, nr 2

19--26

This publication is aimed mainly at growers interested in improving the process of planting trees with a covered root system – in particular, in the use of a planting tool sunk into the ground. Two versions of the planting tool were made, with specific kinematics of operation. The tools differ geometrically, mainly in their diameter and the shape of the tip penetrating the ground. Tool penetration tests were carried out in laboratory conditions to assess their penetration efficiency. The research was conducted to determine how the tool’s geometry affects the efficiency of its work. Another goal was to compare tools with two different shapes but the same work kinematics. As a result of the work, penetration values for both versions of the tool were obtained under the same working conditions, but these were laboratory conditions. The results obtained in theory indicate the greater efficiency of one version of the tool over the other. Practical conclusions also concern the aspect of tool strength, which is most likely lower in the case of the tool with more aggressive penetration characteristics. The key outcome of the research for those interested in implementing a tool for planting trees with a covered root system is that it indicates the advantages and disad-vantages of both versions of the tool, including those relating to the efficiency of operation. The results require confirmation through research in real conditions (field conditions), where the variability of soil parameters is significant.