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Surface water and groundwater quality assessment using the WQI method and human health risk assessment (HHR) in the lower seybouse (Annaba Plain), northeast Algeria

Fenazi Bilal, Boucenna Fatih, Zeddouri Aziez

Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape

2023

no. 4

7--25

This study was carried out to investigate the current status of surface water and groundwater quality in Lower Seybouse and Annaba Plain, NE Algeria. 36 surface water and groundwater samples were collected in this area, and various physicochemical parameters were analysed. The quality of surface water and groundwater for drinking and the associated health risks were assessed using a Water Quality Index (WQI) and a Human Health Risk Assessment (HHRA) model. The results show that all samples are alkaline with the EC values ranging from 1139 to 5555 μS/cm. The ionic dominance pattern was in the order of Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ for cations and Cl– > HCO3 – > SO4 2 – > NO3 – for anions, respectively. The dominant water types are SO4-Cl-Ca-Mg and SO4-Cl-Na, formed by dissolution of evaporative and carbonate-rich material. All samples are unsuitable for drinking, with 1 sample classified as poor (rank = 4) and 35 samples as extremely poor (rank = 5). These samples are mainly located near the Seybouse Wadi, which is a natural outlet for wastewater from human activities. The assessment of non-carcinogenic risk showed that the Hazard Index (HI) for males ranged from 0.12 to 1.01 with a mean of 0.30 and only one sample exceeded value 1. For females, the HI was between 0.16 and 1.28 for females, with a mean of 0.39. The risk for children was even higher, ranging from 0.41 to 3.28, with a mean of 1.03, suggesting that children are more vulnerable to water contamination. The Carcinogenic Risk (CR) values for Pb ranged from 10–3 to 8.6 · 10–3, with a mean of 2.6 · 10–3 for males, and between 1.4 · 10–3 to 10–2, with a mean of 3.3 · 10–3 for females, while for children the CR values ranged from 3.5 · 10–3 to 2.7 · 10–3, with a mean of 8.4 · 10–3, indicating that no possible CR from water drinking

Assessment and Mapping of Groundwater Quality for Irrigation and Drinking in a Semi-Arid Area in Algeria

Azlaoui Mohamed, Zeddouri Aziez, Haied Nadjib, Nezli Imed Eddine, Foufou Atif

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2021

Vol. 22, nr 8

19--32

Groundwater is the main resource used to meet the people’s drinking water and irrigation needs of the Ain Oussera plain, because of the lack of surface-water resources. This paper intended to evaluate the suitability of groundwater for agriculture and drinking in the Ain Oussera plains. The data of the study were gathered and analyzed from twenty (20) groundwater samples collected to assess the plain groundwater quality, using the Water Quality Index (WQI) and GIS, carried out on physico-chemical parameters, including potential of hydrogen (pH), total dissolved solids (TDS) electrical conductivity (EC), potassium (K+), sodium (Na+), magnesium (Mg2+), and calcium (Ca2+) and major anions (Cl, HCO3, NO3, SO4), as well as, the water suitability test for agricultural purposes, using the sodium adsorption ratio. These parameters were inserted into the GIS platform to create a spatial distribution map for each parameter using the inverse interpolation technique (IDW). The results indicated that the concentrations are within the Algerian permissible limits. The water quality index (WQI), which evaluates the suitability of water for consumption, varies from 31 to 173 with an average value of 81. 70% of the samples from the Ain Oussera plain fall within the excellent and good quality categories. Its water is suitable for consumption (WQI < 100), while 30% is in the poor water category. From the calculation of SAR values, it was found that 90% of the groundwater samples are considered excellent and suitable for irrigation. According to the classification of the United States Salinity Laboratory USSL, the Ain Oussera water quality is classified as poor for irrigation purposes.