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Relationships between economic and ecological indicators and greenhouse gas emissions: The perspective of farms in Poland at the regional level

Sieczko Leszek, Kołoszko-Chomentowska Zofia

Economics and Environment

2023

No. 3

382--395

Aligning farms with the European Green Deal necessitates precise identification and analysis of the interplay between primary economic factors and ecological dimensions. This study presents detailed research findings on the correlation between ecological indicators, CH4 and N2O emissions, and economic metrics within a regional framework. The research draws on data from farms participating in the European Agricultural Accounting Network (FADN) spanning 2010-2019. The resultant analysis underscores substantial correlations among the examined parameters. Regions characterised by heightened agricultural production intensity report elevated agricultural income. However, this is coupled with increased environmental impact and heightened greenhouse gas emissions, particularly among farms engaged in animal production. Mazowsze, Podlasie, Wielkopolska, and Slask exhibit notable progress in proenvironmental initiatives. In the Pomorze and Mazury regions, expenditures on fertilisation and plant protection remain close to the average, culminating in an efficient equilibrium of organic matter in the soil and minimal CH4 and N2O emissions per hectare.

Transformacja gospodarstw rolnych zgodnie z Europejskim Zielonym Ładem wymaga precyzyjnej identyfikacji i analizy relacji między głównymi czynnikami ekonomicznymi a aspektami ekologicznymi. W niniejszym opracowaniu przedstawiono wyniki szczegółowych badań dotyczących korelacji między wskaźnikami ekologicznymi, emisją CH4 i N2O a wskaźnikami ekonomicznymi w kontekście regionalnym. Badania oparto na danych z gospodarstw rolnych uczestniczących w Europejskiej Sieci Rachunkowości Rolniczej (FADN) za lata 2010-2019. Uzyskane wyniki analizy wykazują istotne współzależności między badanymi parametrami. W regionach o wysokim poziomie intensywności produkcji rolniczej, gospodarstwa notują wyższe dochody rolnicze, jednakże wiąże się to z większym obciążeniem środowiska naturalnego oraz większymi emisjami gazów cieplarnianych, zwłaszcza w gospodarstwach prowadzących produkcję zwierzęcą. Mazowsze, Podlasie, Wielkopolska oraz Śląsk wykazują znaczący postęp w implementacji działań prośrodowiskowych. W regionach pomorskim i mazurskim, wydatki na nawożenie i ochronę roślin utrzymują się na poziomie zbliżonym do średniej, co przekłada się na efektywną równowagę materii organicznej w glebie oraz minimalne emisje CH4 i N2O na hektar.

How do different types of river maintenance works affect the ichthyofauna of small European watercourses?

Brysiewicz Adam, Czerniejewski Przemysław, Sieczko Leszek

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

2023

Vol. 30, nr 4

617--633

Watercourses serve the needs of agriculture in certain sections and are subject to strong anthropopressure. When agriculture prevails in the catchment, it often has abundant vegetation, macrophytes in particular, and the bottom is covered by a substantial layer of silt. In order to ensure patency of flow and access to water, small watercourses are very often subject to river maintenance works. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of 3 types of works on the diversity of fish species and density of fish in the 1 and 2 year after the works at 21 sites located on 8 rivers in the European Central Plains Ecoregion. As a result of the works, especially in the 1 year after the works, significant changes were found in hydrochemical and hydrological parameters, especially with the increase in velocity and mean depth in watercourses. Additionally, habitat change contributed to differences in the composition of the ichthyofaunal. After 1 year, the diversity of fish species and fish population density increased or remained unchanged after dredging and removal of plants from the river channel, but they decreased after the removal of macrophytes from river banks. After year 2, a decrease in the diversity of fish species and density was observed, associated with re-infestation and siltation of the watercourses. Particularly in the case of dredging and removal of macrophytes from the river bank, maintenance works should not be done too frequently, because some species of natural value disappear.

Early detection of phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber at the cellular level using chlorophyll fluorescence signals

Sieczko Leszek, Dąbrowski Piotr, Kowalczyk Katarzyna, Gajc-Wolska Janina, Borucki Wojciech, Janaszek-Mańkowska Monika, Kowalczyk Waldemar, Farci Domenica, Kalaji Hazem M.

Journal of Water and Land Development

2022

Special Issue

176--186

Abiotic stressors contribute to growth restriction and developmental disorders in plants. Early detection of the first signs of changes in plant functioning is very important. The objective of this study was to identify chlorophyll fluorescence parameters that change under phosphorus deficiency stress in cucumber. In this work, a trail to study the early changes caused by phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants by analysing their photosynthetic performance is presented. Chlorophyll-a fluorescence (ChF) parameters were measured every 7 days for a period of 28 days. Measurements were made separately on young and old leaves and on cucumber fruit. Parameters that decreased during the stress were: p2G, PIabs, PItotal, REo/CSo, and TRo/CSo. P deficiency decreased total electron carriers per RC (ECo/RC), yields (TRo/ABS (Fv/Fm), ETo/TRo, REo/ETo, ETo/ABS and REo/ABS), fluxes (REo/RC and REo/CSo) and fractional reduction of PSI end electron acceptors, and damaged all photochemical and non-photochemical redox reactions. Principal component analysis revealed a group of ChF parameters that may indicate early phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Our results are used in the discovery of sensitive bioindicators of phosphorus deficiency in cucumber plants. Most JIP test parameters are linked to mathematical equations, so we recommend using of advanced statistical tools, such as principal component analysis, which should be considered very useful for stress identification. It has also been shown to be more effective in multivariate methods compared to univariate statistical methods was demonstrated.