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Determination of Design Limitations of Curved Profiles Manufactured by Robotics Non-Planar Additive Manufacturing

Štefčák Pavol, Gajdoš Ivan, Slota Ján, Varga Jozef, Kimáková Zuzana, Vrabel Marek

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2024

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Vol. 18, no 3

92--98

EN

The emerging trend of employing 4 or more axes multi-purpose and gantry industrial robots in large format additive manufacturing presents numerous opportunities as well as challenges. The capacity to handle substantial material quantities and rapidly produce prototypes, jigs, and final products of considerable dimensions necessitates the formulation of a well-suited production strategy. This involves setting production parameters to minimize material consumption and production time, considering the limitations of the utilized technologies, and ensuring the final product's quality. While slicers are commonly employed for establishing manufacturing strategies and production parameters, most additive manufacturing slicers are optimized for planar 3 axes 3D printing. This limitation hinders their ability to generate non-planar and freeform toolpaths. To overcome this constraint, this paper delves into the utilization of parametric modelling as a potent tool in the realm of non-planar additive manufacturing. It explores the possibilities offered by Rhinoceros Grasshopper software in designing toolpath strategies and fabricating non-planar layers. The paper addresses the associated challenges and limitations of parametric modelling, including computational complexity and the requirement for specialized software and expertise. It emphasizes the crucial need to strike a balance between design complexity and manufacturability to ensure the successful implementation of non-planar additive manufacturing processes.

2

Frictional characteristics of EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy sheets used in metal forming

Slota Ján, Kaščák Ľuboš, Lăzărescu Lucian

Advances in Mechanical and Materials Engineering

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2024

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Vol. 41, nr 1

79-87

EN

This article is devoted to testing EN AW-6082 aluminium alloy sheets in friction pair with NC6 (1.2063) tool steel. A special tribometer designed to simulate the friction conditions in sheet metal forming processes was used for friction testing. The research aimed to determine the influence of contact pressure, surface roughness of the tool, and lubrication conditions on the value of the coefficient of friction in the strip drawing test. Three grades of typical petroleum-based lubricants with kinematic viscosities between 21.9 and 97 mm2/s were used in the tests. The surface morphologies of the sheet metal after the friction process were observed using a scanning electron microscope. A tendency for the coefficient of friction to decrease with increasing contact pressure was observed. LHL32 and 75W-85 oils lost their lubricating properties at a certain pressure value and with further increase in pressure, the coefficient of friction value tended to increase. The 10W-40 oil with the highest viscosity reduced the coefficient of friction more intensively than the LHL32 oil.

PL

Artykuł poświęcony jest badaniom tarciowym blach ze stopu aluminium EN AW-6082 w parze ciernej ze stalą narzędziową NC6 (1.2063). Do badań tarcia wykorzystano specjalny tribotester przeznaczony do symulacji warunków tarcia w procesach kształtowania blach. Celem badań było określenie wpływu nacisk kontaktowego, chropowatości powierzchni narzędzia i warunków smarowania na wartość współczynnika tarcia w próbie ciągnienia pasa blachy. Do badań wykorzystano trzy gatunki typowych smarów na bazie ropy naftowej o lepkości kinematycznej od 21,9 do 97 mm2/s. Morfologię powierzchni blach po procesie tarcia obserwowano za pomocą skaningowego mikroskopu elektronowego. Zaobserwowano tendencję do zmniejszania się wartości współczynnika tarcia wraz ze wzrostem nacisku kontaktowego. Oleje LHL32 i 75W-85 przy określonej wartości nacisku kontaktowego traciły swoje właściwości smarne i wraz z dalszym wzrostem nacisku zaobserwowano zwiększanie się wartości współczynnik a tarcia. Olej 10W-40 o najwyższej lepkości kinematycznej zapewnił większe zmniejszenie wartości współczynnik a tarcia niż olej LHL32.

3

Joining the High-Strength Steel Sheets Used in Car Body Production

Kaščák Ľuboš, Cmorej Denis, Spišák Emil, Slota Ján

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2021

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Vol. 15, no 1

184--196

EN

Nowadays, there are several important reasons for using high-strength sheets in the manufacturing of car bodies. Car manufacturers choose the steel with good formability, fatigue resistance and ability to absorb impact energy. Microalloyed steels and dual-phase steels are the materials which fulfil the above-mentioned criteria. The application of high-strength sheets has led to the development of new materials joining techniques. Mechanical joining, such as clinching, is the innovative technique to join these progressive materials. Materials of different thicknesses can be joined by clinching. The paper focuses on the comparison of the properties of the joints made by clinching and resistance spot welding. The application of resistance spot welding is still the most used joining method in car body production. These properties were investigated by tensile test and metallographic observation. The HCT600X+ZF, HCT600X+Z and HX420LAD+Z steel sheets were used for the experiments. The results of tensile test show that the values of load-bearing capacity of clinched joints reached from 3900 N to 5900 N and the resistance spot welded joints reached the values of load-bearing capacity from 12000 N to 19500 N. In comparison to the resistance spot welded joints, the clinched joints reached from 32 to 48% of load-bearing capacity.

4

Forming analysis of continuosly annealed, double reduced steel sheets

Spišák Emil, Majerníková Janka, Mulidrán Peter, Kaščák Ľuboš, Slota Ján

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 3

168--172

EN

The paper deals with the forming analysis of continuously annealed steel sheets double reduced. Six different metal sheet grades were evaluated in the paper, thickness was in the range from 0.15 to 0.175 mm. Described are the used methods and the results obtained by a uniaxial tensile test, biaxial test (bulge test) and a springback test.

5

Analysis of the Change in Thickness of the Thin Double Reduced Steel Sheets by Drawing of Cups

Majerníková Janka, Spišák Emil, Kaščák Ľuboš, Slota Ján

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2018

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Vol. 12, no 4

28--34

EN

During the processing of the thin packaging sheets by drawing, thickness of the material changes and so does the thickness of tin layer, this has an influence on corrosion resistance. Change in material thickness of the cylindrical cups without a flange has been evaluated in this contribution. Cups were produced from the double reduced continuously annealed packaging sheets. After cupping test, the anisotropy of these sheets was evaluated too, this was expressed through the earring formation on the cups.