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1

The Role of Subaquatic Springs in the Formation of Flow, Temperature and Chemical Composition of River Water in the Reserve

Vaganov Sergey, Blinov Sergey, Belkin Pavel, Perevoshchikov Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 3

39--48

EN

A study of the effect of subaquatic discharge of karst groundwater sources on the composition of the Vishera River, the largest tributary of the Kama River, was carried out. The study was carried out on the territory of the State Nature Reserve "Vishersky" and included the determination of the flow rate, temperature as well as chemical composition of natural waters. Six zones of karst groundwater discharge and their influence on the water regime of the Vishera river were studied in detail. It was shown that subaquatic sources in the places of their discharge, forming up to 36% of the river flow, significantly affect the temperature regime. A significant part of dissolved substances, primarily calcium ions and hydrocarbonate ions, as well as some trace elements (Li, Sr, V, Cr) enter the Vishery river with karst waters. The results of the study show that monitoring the composition and properties of groundwater discharged covertly in the river channel is an important part of the monitoring of water bodies of both protected and developed areas.

2

Distribution of Trace Elements, Rare Earth Elements and Ecotoxicity in Sediments of the Kosva Bay, Perm Region (Russia)

Ushakova Evgeniya, Menshikova Elena, Blinov Sergey, Vaganov Sergey, Perevoshchikov Roman

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2022

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Vol. 23, nr 4

1--16

EN

Over a long period of time, a huge amount of technogenic bottom sediments has been accumulating in the Kosva Bay with significant concentrations of amorphous iron and aluminium hydroxides, which, in turn, are active sorbents of pollutants. This study examines the distribution of trace elements and rare earth elements and their toxicity in the Kosva Bay of the Kama Reservoir (Perm Region, Russia). In the middle reach, the Kosva River crosses the Kizel coal basin, where acid mine water is discharged from closed mines. The average content of trace elements in the samples of bottom sediments of the bay varies from 0.10 mg/kg (Se) to 176.36 mg/kg (Ba). The amount of rare earth elements varies from 66.8 to 83.6 mg/kg. The ecological significance of trace elements and rare earth elements was studied using an element-by-element assessment (EF and Igeo), Potential Ecological Risk Index (RI), Mean Probable Effect Concentration Quotient (PECQ), and two bioassays (Daphnia magna Straus and Scenedesmus quadricauda (Turp.) Breb. The highest Hg enrichment was found at two sampling points. Taking into account the average value of Igeo, the pollution by Co, V, Nb, Hg, Sn, Zn, Sm, Ni, Cr, and Gd is the highest and corresponds to extremely contaminated category. The RI values indicate that pollution categories vary from moderate risk to considerable risk. According to mean PECQ values, bottom sediments of the bay have moderate potential toxicity towards biological communities. Results of chronic and acute toxicity on test objects D. magna and Scenedesmus quadricauda Breb show the water extract from bottom sediments having no effects on the test objects. The results of the study show that in order to assess the quality of bottom sediments, an integrated approach, combining chemical and ecotoxicological analyses, is needed.

3

Concentrations of Natural Radionuclides (40K, 226Ra, 232Th) at the Potash Salts Deposit

Menshikova Elena, Perevoshchikov Roman, Belkin Pavel, Blinov Sergey

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2021

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Vol. 22, nr 3

179--187

EN

Specific activity of natural radionuclides 226Ra, 232Th and 40K was measured by gamma spectrometry in samples of soil and bottom sediments of rivers on the territory of potassium salt deposit development in order to collect information on radionuclide distribution. According to the results of examinations, the range of 226Ra, 232Th and 40K activity values in soils and bottom sediments of the territory of influence was <2.17–19.7 Bq/kg, <2.5–20.5 Bq/kg, 123–500 Bq/kg. Migration of the studied radionuclides is limited to 2 km zone. The results obtained provide useful information on the levels of naturally occurring radionuclides in the zone of influence of mining objects and are of interest for a comparative evaluation of the impact of salt mining on the radiation environment of the territory.