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1
Content available The assessment of the relationships between body posture indices and the Y-Balance Test results in the adolescents
Walaszek R., Chwała W., Walaszek K., Burdacki M.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2018
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Vol. 20, no. 2
149--157
EN
The purpose of this work was to assess the differences of the values of body posture indices, measured with the Moire’s method, between girls and boys aged 13 and the relationships of these values with the results of the Y-Balance Test. Methods: The study involved a group of healthy volunteers attending junior high schools in Cracow. The group consisted of 20 girls and 35 boys. Basic somatic parameters were measured within this work: body height and weight. Body posture was assessed according to the general methodology of the Moire’s technique and 14 body posture indices were obtained as a result: 6 in the sagittal plane, 1 in the axial plane and 7 in the coronal plane. Postural stability was assessed with the Y-Balance Test (YBT). Results: The studied girls and boys had practically the same body posture – statistical differences were found only in 3 out of 14 assessed indices measured with the Moire’s technique. Scoliosis was found in as many as 51% of the subjects, however, mean values of deviations from the C7-S1 line were not large. Conclusions: In the group of girls, the set of blades (below – above) was statistically significantly correlated with the global YBT result for the right inferior extremity, and in the group of boys – the set of the waist triangles (below – above) was statistically significantly correlated with the global YBT results for the right and left inferior extremities.
2
Content available Stabilometric indicators as an element of verifying rehabilitation of patients before and after reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament
Ogrodzka-Ciechanowicz K., Czechowska D., Chwała W., Ślusarski J., Gądek A.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2018
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Vol. 20, no. 1
101--107
EN
The aim of the study was to evaluate effectiveness of rehabilitation in patients before and after rACL, based on stabilographic indicators. Methods: The research group was comprised of 31 men aged 20–57 with anterior cruciate ligament injury, qualified for reconstruction surgery. A measurement of static stabilometric indicators and muscle strength was taken twice for each patient – before surgery and after 6 months. To assess stabilographic indicators the stabilographic platform was used and to asses muscle strength a dynamometer was used. In order to assess knee function the Lysholm scale and VAS scale were used. Results: The rehabilitation programme improved static stability of the knee in the frontal plane, which is manifested by a significant shortening of the SPML path length. Rehabilitation proceedings should focus on improving static stability of the knee joint in the sagittal plane, because the results obtained indicate only a slight shortening of the SPAP length. The results of the Lysholm and VAS scales point to a positive influence of the applied rehabilitation. Conclusion: Inclusion into rehabilitation diagnostic tools to assess stabilometric indicators enables for effective verification of rehabilitation proceedings focused on restoring body posture control before and after the rACL.
3
Content available Relationship of maximal isometric torque produced in flexors and extensors rate to technique by judo athletes
Sterkowicz S., Lech G., Sterkowicz-Przybycień K., Chwała W., Ambroży T., Pałka T.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2018
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Vol. 20, no. 2
65--71
EN
Purpose: Development of strength is one of essential elements of motor preparation of judo athletes. The aim this study was to examine the influence of body composition and the joint torques on successful performance of various judo techniques. Methods: Twentyfive judo athletes participated in 175 judo bouts, which were video-recorded during the All-Polish competitions. Biomechanical classification of technical actions was used. The age and athletic experience of the subjects were 18 and 8.8 years, respectively. Their body height was 179.4 cm (Martin’s type anthropometer) and body mass was 80.3 kg (Sartorius F 1505 – DZA scales). Percentage of fat (10.6%) was estimated using skinfold result measurements. BMI (24.9 kgm–2), fat-free mass index (21.9 kgm–2) and fat mass index (3.0 kgm–2) were calculated. Maximum torques measured under static conditions were evaluated 2–3 days after the tournament. Descriptive statistics and ANOVA were conducted ( p  0.05). Results: Balancing of maximum torques in the muscles of the pelvic and illiac regions caused more frequent performance of physical lever-type throwing techniques, compared to couple of force-type throwing techniques. A negative correlation was found between body fat and value of force recorded for knee flexors and between the frequency of using techniques during groundwork and torques measured in hip extensors. High correlation of fat-free mass index and relative elbow flexor torque was found. Conclusions: The relationship between body composition and frequency of techniques used in a tournament, and joint torques developed by athletes were found.
4
Content available The role of hippotherapeutic exercises with larger support surface in development of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability
Ambroży T., Mazur-Rylska A., Chwała W., Ambroży D., Mucha T., Omorczyk J., Ostrowski A., Mucha D.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2017
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Vol. 19, no. 4
143--151
EN
Purpose: Maintaining balance in humans involves continuous changes in parameters. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of hippotherapeutic exercises on development of the sense of balance in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability. Methods: The study examined 50 randomly chosen boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability from the special education centre in Leżajsk, Poland. The study participants were divided into two groups: experimental group, who participated for 3 months in hippotherapeutic classes and the control group, with boys attending outdoor or indoor physical education classes. Before and after completion of the study, both experimental and control groups were diagnosed by means of Accu SwayPlus force plate. The force plate was used to determine alterations in the position of the centre of pressure (COP) on the platform in the frontal and sagittal planes in relaxed standing position with feet spread to the shoulder width and with eye control with respect to the base of support (BOS). The description was based on mean displacement of the centre of gravity (COG), mean velocity of displacements of the COG, mean radial displacement and total length of the COP pathway. Results: In the experimental group, equestrian exercises induced a series of significant changes that pointed to the improved balance reactions. The character of these changes in the positions analysed was similar: values of body sway in the sagittal plane and their range and mean displacements decreased statistically significantly after training. The same tendency was observed for mean radial displacements in the free open position and with closed support surface. Furthermore, the velocity of displacement and the length of the COP’s projection pathway on the support surface in the free open position was also reduced. All significant changes and trends found for the experimental group, which occurred after 3 month of hippotherapeutic classes, suggest improved parameters of balance. Conclusions: The lack of changes in balance parameters in the control group shows that the hippotherapeutic classes significantly develop balance abilities in boys aged 15 to 17 years with mild intellectual disability.
5
Content available Evaluation of the accuracy of the postural stability measurement with the Y-Balance Test based on the levels of the biomechanical parameters
Walaszek R., Chwała W., Walaszek K., Burdacki M., Błaszczuk J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2017
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Vol. 19, no. 2
121--128
EN
The testing of dynamic balance involves tests that assess the muscle control of spatial changes of the position of the centre of gravity over the base of support. The purpose of this work was to determine the structure of the Y-balance test and its accuracy based on the measurements of strength performance of the muscles acting on the knee joint, as well as the flexibility and balance in boys aged 14 years. Methods: The study included 43 schoolboys regularly participating in physical education lessons. The examination of postural stability was conducted with the use of the Y-balance test. The measurements of muscle strength and of resistance to fatigue of the extensors and flexors of knee joints in isometric contraction were performed on a measurement stand in a standard position with the use of tensometric sensors. The measurement of mobility range of the lower extremity joints was performed according to the SFTR. The examination of balance was performed with the use of the modified ‘Flamingo balance test’. Results: The factor structure of the Y-balance test results for the left and right lower extremities is similar and includes five principal independent factors that characterise the structure of analysed variables. They explain 76% and 74% of communality in total for the left and the right extremity, respectively. Conclusions: The extracted factor structure points to a hybrid structure of the Y-balance test and shows its accuracy in the measurements of the lower limb joint mobility and strength performance of knee joint extensors.
6
Content available Factors determining swimming efficiency observed in less skilled swimmers
Kucia-Krzysztoń K., Dybińska E., Ambroży T., Chwała W.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2013
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Vol. 15, no. 4
115--124
EN
The dynamics of performance in professional sport requires a systematic improvement of the training process. Such activities should also include optimizing the children and youth training in these disciplines, where an early specialization operates. The main aim of this paper was to search for the relationship between swimmer’s segmental kinematics (segmental velocities, stroke rate, stroke length, stroke index); the relationship between swimmer’s technical skill level (in four competitive swimming techniques) and training overloads taking into consideration gender and age effect. The study group consisted of 121 swimmers (69 female and 52 male), of the Polish 12–15 age group swim team, volunteered to serve as subjects. Video-based methods and video equipment are being applied to assist qualitative and simple quantitative analysis for immediate feedback and research in swimming. Both technical skill level preparation and segmental kinematics of 12–15 year old swimmers proved to be highly conditioned by implemented training intensity ( p < 0.001), as well as the volume of training (high and average trade at a level of significance p < 0.001). Implemented training overloads expressed by both volume and intensity of training showed high and very high correlation with the swimming efficiency, presented segmental kinematics and technical skill level, however, there appeared particularly pronounced relationship with the size of kinematic parameters taken into account in four competitive swimming techniques, components of the 100 m individual medley.
7
Content available Wpływ ruchów mimowolnych na przestrzenny zakres ruchów środka ciężkości ciała u chorych na chorobę Huntingtona
Chwała W., Mirek E., Rudzińska M., Frydel J., Kuźma M.
Acta Bio-Optica et Informatica Medica. Inżynieria Biomedyczna
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2013
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Vol. 19, nr 2
85--94
PL
Kontrola położenia środka ciężkości ciała podczas chodu jest jednym z kluczowych kryteriów w programowaniu terapii różnych schorzeń aparatu ruchu. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu stereotypów ruchowych pracy stawów goleniowo-skokowych, kolanowych, biodrowych, miednicy i klatki piersiowej na przestrzenne zmiany położenia środka ciężkości ciała u chorych na chorobę Huntingtona (ang. Huntington disease, HD). W wyniku przeprowadzonej trójwymiarowej analizy ruchu stwierdzono istotny statystycznie p ˂ 0,05 wpływ ruchów mimowolnych tułowia i kończyn dolnych na schemat pionowych i poziomych przemieszczeń środka ciężkości. Ponadnormatywne ruchy klatki piersiowej w znacznie większym stopniu wpływały na zmiany położenia środka ciężkości niż zidentyfikowane dysfunkcje w obszarze kończyn dolnych i miednicy. Uzyskane wyniki mogą znaleźć istotne zastosowanie przy budowaniu modelu usprawniania chorych na HD.
EN
The control of the body mass center during gait is one of the key criteria that allow therapy programming in a variety of locomotory system disorders. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of stereotyped motion of ankle, knee, hip, pelvis and thorax on spatial change of the body mass center position in patients suffered from Huntington disease (HD).Three dimensional motion analysis was performed. It was found that there is a statically significant impact, p < 0.05, of the trunk and lower extremities involuntary movements on the mass center in both; vertical and horizontal directions. The changes of the body mass center position were considerably influenced by the over normative thorax motions comparing to the dysfunctions of the pelvic and lower extremities region. Obtained results can be successfully applied to establish a new approach in the rehabilitation of patients with HD
8
Content available remote Realistic model of spine geometry in the human skeleton in the VICON system
Długosz M., Chwała W., Maciejasz P., Alda W.
Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems
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2012
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Vol. 8, no. 1
123--132
EN
The human spine is definitively one of the most important parts of a living body. From biomechanical point of view, this organ is the most complicated structure, and a dynamic analysis of its motion still requires more detailed models be created. The aim of this study is to build an accurate computer model of the geometry of the spine and insert it into available skeleton models, used in Vicon. Up to now such models were simplified and that is why they were not sufficient for research of detailed motion of the spine. The paper describes the process of creating models of the vertebrae. During research, authors simultaneously used two techniques: 3D scanning of the vertebrae and computed modeling in 3D graphics software. A universal data format: .obj used to keep the information about surface shape of an object, its colour, texture etc. is presented in detail. In a discussion on Vicon data formats and relations between them, several file types are taken under consideration: marker files: .mkr, global model parameters files: .mp, files of the model structure: .mod. But first of all, step-by-step instructions of how to connect the files with geometrical objects for the visualization purposes, are presented.
9
Content available remote Three-dimensional analysis of the pelvic and hip mobility during gait on a treadmill and on the ground
Staszkiewicz R., Chwała W., Forczek W., Laska J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2012
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Vol. 14, no. 2
83-89
EN
Pelvic girdle combines two units: passenger and locomotor. That is why the importance of this part of the body is emphasized by all researchers in terms of gait economy. The purpose of our research was to determine the changes of pelvic girdle mobility and hip joint in men in three planes of movement (sagittal, frontal and horizontal) during gait at a speed of 5 km/h. The methodology used here aimed at assessing the impact of the surface (ground or treadmill) on the mobility in those planes. To register overground and treadmill locomotion we applied: Vicon 250, Cardionics Treadmill 3113. The sample of the study was the group of 30 men aged between 21 and 23. The analysis of the results revealed the biggest impact of the type of surface on both pelvis and hip joint in the transverse plane. When the subjects moved on the natural ground, the pelvic range of motion (ROM) in this plane was more than twice wider than that in treadmill walking. Whereas in the case of hip joint, significantly higher ROM values occurred in the transverse plane during walking on the treadmill.
10
Content available remote Influence of surface on kinematic gait parameters and lower extremity joints mobility
Staszkiewicz R., Chwała W., Forczek W., Laska J.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2012
|
Vol. 14, no. 1
75-82
EN
In biomechanical studies of human locomotion, treadmill is a widely used measuring device. The purpose of this paper was to determine the values of kinematic parameters describing gait with the velocity of 5 km/h, both on the ground and on a treadmill. Besides, the authors assessed the impact of the surface on the mobility of three main joints of lower extremities in the sagittal plane. The measurements were done on a sample of 48 men aged between 21 and 23. The most important element of a measuring set was the Vicon system. Based on kinematic parameters our data indicated that during walking on a treadmill step frequency was slightly higher than that on the ground. Probably, due to that fact there were found some differences in other variables (e.g., single support as well as step and stride time). Besides, the results revealed that the type of surface affects joint range of motion, in particular ankle plantar flexion, the instantaneous values of joint angles and change in dynamics of these values.
11
Content available remote Evaluation of the kinematic parameters of normal-paced gait in subjects with gonarthrosis and the influence of gonarthrosis on the function of the ankle joint and hip joint
Ogrodzka K., Niedźwiedzki T., Chwała W.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2011
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Vol. 13, no. 3
47-54
EN
The aim of the study was to assess the variability of parameters characterising the gait of persons suffering from degenerative changes of the knee joint and their influence on the ankle and hip joints. The values of the angular changes in the knee, ankle and hip joints in the three planes of motion were assessed. Locomotion tests were performed on 27 persons, aged between 60 and 74, using Vicon 250, the three-dimensional analysis system. The sharpest deviations from the results of the control group were revealed in the transverse and frontal planes. Degenerative knee joint disease has changed the gait stereotype causing a reduction in the economy of gonarthrosis patients’ locomotion, the influence of the disease on the function of the neighbouring joints is also distinctly marked.
12
Content available Ocena efektów odległych zabiegu operacyjnego i postępowania usprawniającego u pacjentów po rekonstrukcji zerwanego ścięgna Achillesa materiałem węglowym
Walaszek R., Kasperczyk T., Chwała W., Staszków E.
Engineering of Biomaterials
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2009
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Vol. 12, no. 87
13-23
PL
W pracy dokonano oceny efektów odległych zabiegu operacyjnego i postępowania usprawniającego u pacjentów, u których dokonano zabiegu zszycia przerwanego ścięgna Achillesa nićmi i taśmami wykonanymi z materiału węglowego. Stosowano metodę Łukasika w modyfikacji dr. Staszkowa (szwy kotwiczące pojedyncze + pięć szwów ciągnących). Od lutego do września 2008 roku udało się przebadać 16 z 37 uprzednio operowanych osób. Wiek pacjentów obojga płci mieścił się w zakresie od 43 do 69 lat. Badania obejmowały: pomiary zakresów ruchów czynnych i biernych wyprostu grzbietowego i zgięcia podeszwowego w stawach skokowych kończyn operowanych i nieoperowanych, pomiary obwodów kończyn dolnych oraz pomiary grubości ścięgien Achillesa. Po wielu latach od operacji zerwanego ścięgna Achillesa badanym pacjentom nie udało się odbudować w pełni masy mięśniowej mięśnia trójgłowego łydki w kończynach operowanych.
EN
This paper aims to assess the remote effects of operative procedure and rehabilitation treatment of patients whose ruptured tendon has been reconstructed with sutures and tapes made of carbon material. Dr. Staszków's modification of Łukasik's method has been used (single anchoring suture + five pulling sutures). During the period from February to September 2008, 16 of 37 operated patients were examined. The patients were both male and female, aged between 43 and 69. The examination included: measurements of active and passive mobility of dorsal extension and plantar flexion in ankle joints of operated limbs and non-operated limbs, measurements of circumference of both Iower limbs and measurements of thickness of Achilles tendons. Even many years after the reconstruction of a ruptured Achilles tendon with carbon material, patients did not manage to rebuild the muscle mass of the triceps calf muscle entirely in operated limbs.
13
Content available remote The evaluation of energy cost of effort and changes of centre of mass (COM) during race walking at starting speed after improving the length of lower extremities
Klimek A., Chwała W.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2007
|
Vol. 9, nr 2
55-60
EN
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the influence of extremities length improvement in the form of special shoe orthoses on the walking energy cost of the leading Polish representative in race walking. Before a proper study, the aerobic capacity of the subject was evaluated. The test consisted of two walking efforts performed on a mechanical treadmill. The subject was walking for 12 minutes with shoe orthoses at constant speed (12 km/h) and then the rest phase allowed for the total covering of the oxygen debt. Then the trial was repeated without orthoses. Simultaneously with measuring physiological variables, there was made 3D recording of the athlete’s movements on the treadmill applying the Vicon system. There were chosen vertical oscillations of the body center of gravity and work of the subject’s system of motion connected with kinetic and potential energy changes regarding the movements of COM during gait. The energy cost of walking at speed related to anaerobic threshold (starting) using shoe orthoses was slightly lower compared to energy expenditure during gait without improvement. No significant differences were noticed in the range of summary vertical COM oscillations during walking in both variants of the measurement. However, considerable asymmetries appeared in the value of COM kinetic energy changes that were lower for the right leg. This testifies to a strongly fixed asymmetrical scheme of individual athlete’s technique.
14
Content available Ocena parametrów kinematycznych chodu i efekty fizjoterapii pacjenta po rekonstrukcji zerwanego ścięgna Achillesa nićmi węglowymi na podstawie trójwymiarowej analizy ruchu
Chwała W., Ruchlewicz T., Staszków E., Walaszek R., Błażewicz S.
Inżynieria Biomateriałów
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2006
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R. 9, nr 54-55
35-42
PL
Mimo stosowania wielu materiałów pochodzenia naturalnego i syntetycznego w rekonstrukcji ścięgna, żaden ze sposobów leczenia nie prowadzi do pełnego odtworzenia jego funkcji. Celem badania była ocena wybranych parametrów lokomocyjnych i efektów fizjoterapeutycznych pacjenta po rekonstrukcji uszkodzonego ścięgna Achillesa za pomocą nici węglowych. Przeprowadzono analizę trójwymiarową stosując system Vicon 250. Badania zostały wykonane bezpośrednio po usunięciu opatrunku gipsowego i w okresie po intensywnej fizjoterapii. Analizowano zmiany kątowe głównych stawów kończyn dolnych. Parametry normalizowano względem pojedynczego cyklu krokowego i odnoszono do fizjologicznych parametrów fizjologicznego chodu osób zdrowych. Obserwowano znaczącą dysfunkcję układu kostno-mięśniowego w okresie bezpośrednio po usunięciu opatrunku i wyraźną poprawę lokomocji po intensywnej terapii. Po intensywnej rehabilitacji kinematyczne parametry pracy stawu skokowego i kolanowego były porównywalne z normą biomechaniczną. Odpowiednia procedura chirurgiczna i intensywny program leczenia poprzez terapię ruchową prowadzące do szybkiego przywrócenia funkcji kończyn i uniknięcie pogłębiania się patologicznego charakteru chodu powinny być podstawą w leczeniu zerwanego ścięgna Achillesa
EN
Despite the variety of natural and synthetic materials used in tendon reconstruction, no treatment restores its functions to normal conditions. The purpose of this study was to assess selected locomotion parameters and physiotherapy effects of patient following reconstruction of injured Achilles tendon with carbon prosthesis. A patient after reconstruction of ruptured Achilles tendon with the use of carbon-based surgical sutures. The three-dimensional analysis was carried out in a patient using Vicon 250 system. Examinations were performed directly after removing a plaster dressing and later after a period of intensive physiotherapy. Angular changes of main lower limbs joints were analyzed. All this was normalized per gait cycle and showed at the background of physiological gait parameters in healthy people. Significant dysfunction of musculoskeletal system was observed in a period directly after removing a plaster dressing and more better locomotion after an intensive physiotherapy period. After intensive rehabilitation, kinematic parameters of work of the ankle and knee joints came close to the biomechanical norm. A surgical procedure and intensive motion therapy treatment programme leading to a quick restoration of functions of the operated extremity and avoidance of strengthening the pathological gait pattern should be implemented in a therapy of a ruptured Achilles tendon
15
Content available remote Dysfunction of locomotion after resection of the meniscus based on three-demensional motion analysis
Ogrodzka K., Chwała W., Ambroży T.
Acta of Bioengineering and Biomechanics
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2005
|
Vol. 7, nr 1
97-102
EN
The three-dimensional analysis of the locomotion was carried out in a patient after resection of the medial meniscus in the left knee joint, using Vicon system. Examinations were performed two times. On the basis of the first examination an intensive three-month physiotherapy was planned and carried out. Angular changes of lower limb joints and changes of length of the selected muscles were taken into consideration.
16
Content available Biomechaniczna analiza parametrów siłowych, szybkościowych i wytrzymałościowych mięśni trójgłowych łydki po rekonstrukcji włóknami węglowymi przerwanego ścięgna Achillesa
Chwała W., Staszków E., Walaszek R.
Inżynieria Biomateriałów
|
2002
|
R. 5, nr 21
26-33
17
Content available Ocena parametrów kinematycznych chodu i efektów fizjoterapeutycznych u pacjenta po zespoleniu włóknami węglowymi przerwanego ścięgna Achillesa - na podstawie trójwymiarowej analizy ruchu
Chwała W., Ruchlewicz T., Staszków E., Walaszek R.
Inżynieria Biomateriałów
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2001
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R. 4, nr 17-19
87-87
18
Content available Analiza aktywności bioelektrycznej mięśni trójgłowych łydki po rekonstrukcji włóknami węglowymi przerwanego ścięgna Achillesa
Chwała W., Staszków E., Walaszek R.
Inżynieria Biomateriałów
|
2000
|
R. 3, nr 11
18--23
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