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1

Testing of the fleet of the vehicles with diesel engines fed by BIOXDIESEL fuel

Struś M., Poprawski W., Rewolte M.

Combustion Engines

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2017

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R. 56, nr 3

37--41

EN

The paper presents results of testing of the fleet of the parcel delivery vehicles, equipped with the Diesel engines fed by biofuel BIOXDIESEL, manufactured on the way of the ethanol esterification process of the waste vegetable and animal fats, with the addition of the standard diesel fuel and pure ethanol. The comparison results of the vehicles test bed on the beginning of the testing and at the end of the testing, when vehicles were fueled with standard diesel and testing biofuel. The results of the testing at non-stationary states are also presented. The paper presents also results of the drivers evaluation of the performance of the vehicles based on the questionnaire. Presented results show that the BIOXDIESEL fuel is fully replaceable to the standard diesel fuel.

2

Feeding the engines of fleet vehicles with bioxdiesel fuel and heavy alcohols

Struś M., Poprawski W., Rewolte M., Kardasz P.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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Vol. 23, No. 4

495--503

EN

This paper presents results of the research on the efficiency of the Diesel engines of the fleet vehicles fed with the new type of second-generation biofuel BIOXDIESEL at non-stationary and stationary conditions and natural operation on roads. The BIOXDIESEL fuel used for the laboratory testing of physical and chemical properties, engine tests and natural road operation, which is a blend of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) obtained from the waste vegetable and animal fats, bioethanol and Diesel fuel. For the testing, several different types of vehicles have been used: passenger vehicles, small parcel delivery vans, agriculture machines and heavy trucks used for long distance international transport. The results of the vehicles engines testing in non-stationary conditions, results of measurement engines performance on vehicle test bed and results of natural road operation on roads of the vehicles used for testing indicate quasi-identical efficiency of the engines, which were fueled with BIOXDIESEL fuel and standard Diesel. The paper also presents results of initial research, which indicates the direction of future research, which is related to increase the calorific value of the biofuels, which may be obtained by replacement of used bioethanol with the heavier alcohols of renewable resources. Physical and chemical properties of the heavier alcohols indicate the possibility to use them as an additive to the biofuels. The paper presents also results of initial engine tests with a blend of the fuel with different heavier alcohols.

3

Efficiency of diesel engine fuelled with biofuels of second generation biox

Struś M., Rewolte M., Rogula J.

Journal of KONES

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2015

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Vol. 22, No. 4

311--317

EN

Paper presents schematic description of the research covering production mechanism of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters (FAEE) from waste vegetable and animal fats, which are creating a base for multi-component fuel BIOXDIESEL as well as results of physical, chemical analysis and results of engine and vehicles tests. The characteristic of wasted material used for production of fatty acid ethyl esters is showed. Cybernetic chain of biofuel BIOXDIESEL, system analysis and structure and scheme of the chemical reaction of Ethanol esterification of fatty acids is presented. Basic properties of exemplary BIOXDIESEL and Diesel fuel were compared. Caloric values of investigated BIOXDIESELS are shown. Mixtures of the BIOXDIESEL fuels with various composition have been tested and compared with Diesel fuel during engine tests on the engine test bench, vehicle test dyno and drive tests. The diesel engines of Fiat 1.3 Multijet, Mercedes300D, Landrover and ADCR compression ignition engine were tested with biofuels. Functional schema of the measurement set up is described. Cyclodynes obtained during testing of the ADCR engine fuelled with Diesel and BIOXDIESEL fuels with their centres of gravity are presented. Obtained and described results in the form of tables and graphs can be summarized with conclusions, that the performance of engines fuelled with BIOX-DIESELS is similar to engines fuelled with Diesel fuel.

4

Efficiency of raw material selection for the second generation BIOXDIESEL biofuel for diesel engines

Struś M., Poprawski W., Rewolte M.

Combustion Engines

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2015

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R. 54, nr 3

1053--1059

EN

Paper presents schematic description of research covering raw material selection and production of Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters from waste vegetable and animal fats, which are creating a base for three-component fuel BIOXDIESEL as well as results physical, chemical analysis and results of engine tests. Mixtures of the BIOXDIESEL fuel with various composition have been testing to obtain physical-chemical properties and engine tests on the engine test bed, vehicle test bed and drive tests. Obtained so far and described in this paper results indicate full feedstock interchangeability of waste vegetable and animal fats with hydrocarbons with petrol origins as well as engine work efficiency.

PL

W opracowaniu przedstawiono schemat prac badawczych obejmujących dobór surowców i wytwarzanie estrów etylowych z odpadowych tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych, stanowiących podstawę trójkomponentowego paliwa BIOXDIESEL i wyniki badań fizykochemicznych oraz silnikowych. Mieszaniny paliwa BIOXDIESEL o zróżnicowanym składzie komponentowym poddano badaniom fizykochemicznym a także silnikowym na hamownianym stanowisku pomiarowym, hamowni podwoziowej oraz badaniom trakcyjnym. Uzyskane dotychczas i opisane w opracowaniu rezultaty wskazują na pełną zamienność surowcową odpadowych tłuszczów roślinnych i zwierzęcych z ropopochodnymi węglowodorami w aspekcie właściwości paliw a także efektywności pracy silników.

5

Estryfikacja etanolowa i metanolowa w wytwarzaniu biokomponentów i biopaliw do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym

Struś M., Rewolte M.

Napędy i Sterowanie

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2014

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R. 16, nr 2

97--101

PL

W publikacji opisano nowatorską metodę wytwarzania estrów etylowych, a także estrów metylowych wyższych kwasów tłuszczowych jako biokomponentów paliw do silników o zapłonie samoczynnym oraz jako samoistnych paliw. Przedstawiono właściwości fizykochemiczne estrów etylowych, a także istotne różnice procesów niecałkowitego spalania estrów etylowych i metylowych w aspekcie toksycznych substancji, np. rodników formaldehydu. Opisano proces wytwarzania estrów etylowych i metylowych z tłuszczów roślinnych, zwierzęcych oraz ich mieszanin, dokonywany w mobilnej instalacji zabudowanej na samochodzie ciężarowym Star 266. Wykazano istotne różnice procesu odparowania nadmiaru metanolu i etanolu, który wpływa na jakość estrowego produktu finalnego. Wykazano możliwości wytwarzania biopaliwa II generacji całkowicie odnawialnego w mobilnych instalacjach, zapewniających uniwersalność lokalizacji i obniżenie kosztów produkcji.

EN

This paper presents a new method of the ethyl esters and fatty acid methyl esters production, as biocomponents for diesel engines fuel and also as fuel itself. Physicochemical properties of the ethyl esters, as well as important differences between ethyl and methyl esters incomplete combustion processes in the context of toxic substances eg. radicals formaldehyde, are presented in this paper. It also explains the process for preparing the methyl and ethyl esters from vegetable oils, animal oils and their mixtures, carried out in a mobile plant built on the Star 266 truck. There were significant differences in the process of evaporation of methanol and ethanol excess, which affects the quality of the ester final product. It also proves the possibility of production of second generation biofuels, which are completely renewable in the mobile refinery systems, providing versatility of location and production costs reduction.