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1

Resource Monitoring for Wireless Sensor Networks using ANFIS

Nagesha S., Manvi S. S.

Journal of Applied Computer Science Methods

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2016

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Vol. 8 No. 1

41--67

EN

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are usually a resource constrained networks which have limited energy, bandwidth, processing power, memory etc. These networks are now part of Internet by the name Internet of Things (IoT). To get many services from WSNs, we may need to run many applications in the sensor nodes which consumes resources. Ideally, the resources availability of all sensor nodes should be known to the sink before it requests for any further service(s) from the sensor node(s). Hence, continuous monitoring of the resources of the sensor nodes by the sink is essential. The proposed work is a framework for monitoring certain important resources of sensor network using Adaptive-Neuro Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Constrained Application Protocol (CoAP). The ANFIS is trained with these resources consumption patterns. The input to ANFIS is the resources consumption levels and the output is the resources consumed levels that needs to be sent to the sink which may be individual or combinations of resources. The trained ANFIS generates the output periodically which determines resources consumption levels that needs to be sent to the sink. Also, ANFIS continuously learns using hybrid learning algorithm (which is basically a combination of back propagation and least squares method) and updates its parameters for better results. The CoAP protocol with its observe option is used to transport the resource monitoring data from the sensor nodes to the cluster head, then from the cluster head to the sink. The sensor nodes runs coap server, the cluster head runs both coap client and server and the sink runs coap client. The performance of the proposed work is compared with LoWPAN network management protocol (LNMP) and EmNets Network Management Protocol (EMP) in terms of bandwidth and energy overheads. It is observed that proposed work performs better when compared to the existing works.

2

On-demand QoS and Stability Based Multicast Routing in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks

Basarkod P. I., Manvi S. S.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2014

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nr 3

98--112

EN

Finding a connection path that remains stable for suciently longer period is critical in mobile ad hoc networks due to frequent link breaks. In this paper, an on-demand Quality of Service (QoS) and stability based multicast routing (OQSMR) scheme is proposed, which is an extension of ad hoc on-demand multicast routing protocol (ODMRP) to provide QoS support for real time applications. The scheme works as follows. Each node in the network periodically estimates the parameters, i.e., node and link stability factor, bandwidth availability, and delays. Next step is creation of neighbor stability and QoS database at every node by using estimated parameters. The last sequence is multicast path construction by using, route request and route reply packets, and QoS and stability information, i.e., link/node stability factor, bandwidth and delays in route information cache of nodes, and performing route maintenance in case of node mobility and route failures. The simulation results indicate that proposed OQSMR demonstrates reduction in packet overhead, improvement in Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), and reduction in end-to-end delays as compared to ODMRP, and Enhanced ODMRP (E-ODMRP).

3

Design and Development of Miniature Dual Antenna GPS-GLONASS Receiver for Uninterrupted and Accurate Navigation

Sudhir N. S., Manvi S. S.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2014

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nr 4

108--115

EN

Global Positioning System (GPS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GLONASS), and GPS-GLONASS receivers are commonly used for navigation. However, there are some applications where a single antenna interface to a GPS or GPS-GLONASS receiver will not suffice. For example, an airborne platform such as an Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) will need multiple antennae during maneuvering. Also, some applications will need redundancy of antenna connectivity to prevent loss of positioning if a link to satellite fails. The scope of this work is to design a dual antenna GPS-GLONASS navigation receiver and implement it in a very small form-factor to serve multiple needs such as: provide redundancy when a link fails, and provide uninterrupted navigation even under maneuvering, also provide improved performance by combining data from both signal paths. Both hardware and software architectures are analyzed before implementation. A set of objectives are identified for the receiver which will serve as the benchmarks against which the receiver will be validated. Both analysis and objectives are highlighted in this paper. The results from the tests conducted on such a dual antenna GPS-GLONASS receiver have given positive results on several counts that promise a wider target audience for such a solution.

4

On-demand Bandwidth and Stability Based Unicast Routing in Mobile Adhoc Networks

Basarkod P. I., Manvi S. S.

International Journal of Electronics and Telecommunications

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2014

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Vol. 60, No. 1

27-39

EN

Characteristics of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) such as lack of central coordination, dynamic topology and limited resources pose a challenging problem in quality of service (QoS) routing. Providing an efficient, robust and low overhead QoS unicast route from source to destination is a critical issue. Bandwidth and route stability are the major important QoS parameters for applications where long duration connections are required with stringent bandwidth requirements for multimedia applications. This paper proposes an On-demand Bandwidth and Stability based Unicast Routing scheme (OBSUR) in MANET by adding additional QoS features to existing Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) protocol. The objective of the OBSUR is to provide QoS satisfied, reliable and robust route for communicating nodes. The scheme works in following steps. (1) Each node in the network periodically (small regular intervals) estimates bandwidth availability, node and link stability, buffer availability, and stability factor between nodes. (2) Construction of neighbor stability and QoS database at every node which is used in route establishment process. (3) The unicast path is constructed by using route request and route reply packets with the help of route information cache, and (4) route maintenance in case of node mobility and route failures. Simulation results show that there is an improvement in terms of traffic admission ratio, control overhead, packet delivery ratio, end to end delay and throughput as compared to Route Stability Based QoS Routing (RSQR) in MANETs.

5

Routing Misbehavior Detection in MANETs Using 2ACK

Manvi S. S., Bhajantri L. B., Vagga V. K.

Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology

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2010

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nr 4

105-111

EN

This paper proposes routing misbehavior detection in MANETs using 2ACK scheme. Routing protocols for MANETs are designed based on the assumption that all participating nodes are fully cooperative. However, due to the open structure and scarcely available battery-based energy, node misbehavior may exist. In the existing system, there is a possibility that when a sender chooses anintermediate link to send some message to a destination, the intermediate link may pose problems such as, the intermediate node may not forward the packets to destination, it may take very long time to send packets or it may modify the contents of the packet. In MANETs, as there is no retransmission of packets once it is sent, care must be taken not to loose packets. We have analyzed and evaluated a technique, termed 2ACK scheme to detect and mitigate the effect of such routing misbehavior in MANETs environment. It is based on a simple 2-hop acknowledgment packet that is sent back by the receiver of the next-hop link. 2ACK transmission takes place for only a fraction of data packets, but not for all. Such a selective acknowledgment is intended to reduce the additional routing overhead caused by the 2ACK scheme. Our contribution in this paper is that, we have embedded some security aspects with 2ACK to check confidentiality of the message by verifying the original hash code with the hash code generated at the destination. If 2ACK is not received within the wait time or the hash code of the message is changed then the node to next hop link of sender is declared as the misbehaving link. We simulated the routing misbehavior detection using 2ACK scheme to test the operation scheme in terms of performance parameters.