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1
Content available Measurements of fast electron beams and soft X-ray emission from plasma-focus experiments
Surała W., Sadowski M. J., Kwiatkowski R., Jakubowski L., Żebrowski J.
Nukleonika
|
2016
|
Vol. 61, No. 2
161--167
EN
The paper reports results of the recent experimental studies of pulsed electron beams and soft X-rays in plasma-focus (PF) experiments carried out within a modifi ed PF-360U facility at the NCBJ, Poland. Particular attention was focused on time-resolved measurements of the fast electron beams by means of two different magnetic analyzers, which could record electrons of energy ranging from about 41 keV to about 715 keV in several (6 or 8) measuring channels. For discharges performed with the pure deuterium fi lling, many strong electron signals were recorded in all the measuring channels. Those signals were well correlated with the fi rst hard X-ray pulse detected by an external scintillation neutron-counter. In some of the analyzer channels, electron spikes (lasting about dozens of nanoseconds) and appearing in different instants after the current peculiarity (so-called current dip) were also recorded. For several discharges, fast ion beams, which were emitted along the z-axis and recorded with nuclear track detectors, were also investigated. Those measurements confi rmed a multibeam character of the ion emission. The time-integrated soft X-ray images, which were taken side-on by means of a pinhole camera and sensitive X-ray fi lms, showed the appearance of some fi lamentary structures and so-called hot spots. The application of small amounts of admixtures of different heavy noble gases, i.e. of argon (4.8% volumetric), krypton (1.6% volumetric), or xenon (0.8% volumetric), decreased intensity of the recorded electron beams, but increased intensity of the soft X-ray emission and showed more distinct and numerous hot spots. The recorded electron spikes have been explained as signals produced by quasi-mono-energetic microbeams emitted from tiny sources (probably plasma diodes), which can be formed near the observed hot spots.
2
Content available Estimation of ISTTOK runaway - electrons energies by means of a Cherenkov - type probe with modified AlN radiators
Jakubowski L., Plyusnin V. V., Sadowski M. J., Zebrowski J., Malinowski K., Rabiński M., Fernandes H., Silva C., Duarte P., Jakubowski M.
Nukleonika
|
2012
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Vol. 57, No. 2
177-181
EN
Measurements of fast electrons, as performed during recent few years in small tokamaks, demonstrated that detectors based on the Cherenkov effect are very useful tools for such studies. The modernized measuring heads, which were equipped with miniature aluminum-nitride (AlN) radiators, enabled to determine locations and instants of the fast electrons emission and to estimate their energy. A comparison of four measuring channels showed that in ISTTOK the most important role was played by electrons of energy less than 90 keV.
3
Metodyka wymiarowania terminala transportu intermodalnego
Jakubowski L.
Logistyka
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2008
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nr 4
CD-CD
PL
Referat naświetla zagadnienie wymiarowania części technologicznej obiektu obsługi ładunkowej transportu intermodalnego. Podane zależności odniesiono do parametrów kontenerów wielkich serii 1 ISO.
EN
Paper presents the problem of designing technological part of intermodal transport terminal. Provided dependences relate to 1 ISO series containers.
4
Content available Miejsce przewozów intermodalnych w systemie transportowym
Jakubowski L.
Problemy Kolejnictwa
|
2006
|
Z. 142
28-36
PL
W artykule przedstawiono krótką charakterystykę poszczególnych systemów transportowych, ich oddziaływanie na środowisko i otoczenie, z podkreśleniem zalet transportu intermodalnego w stosunku do transportu drogowego. Uzasadniono potrzebę intensywniejszego wdrażania przewozów kombinowanych oraz podano zestaw wybranych terminów i ich definicje, zalecane do powszechnego stosowania.
EN
A brief characteristic of different transport systems and their impact on emdronment arę pre-sented. Advantages of intermodal transport in comparison to road transport arę pointed out. Justification for intense implementation of combined transport services and set of selected terms and their definitions recommended for common use are given.
5
Content available Studies of Plasma-Focus discharges within the PF-360 facility equipped with a planar D2O-ice target
Zebrowski J., Baranowski J., Jakubowski L., Sadowski M.
Nukleonika
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2001
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Vol. 46, suppl. 1
65--68
EN
The paper reports on investigations of dense magnetized plasmas produced within a modernized PF-360 facility, which was operated with an additional planar cryogenic target placed in the front of the electrode outlet and covered with D2O-ice layers. The main aim of these studies was to overcome the neutron saturation effect and to increase the maximum neutron yield from PF discharges by using fast deuteron beams. Such beams are usually emitted from a pinch region and can produce fast neutrons from D-D reactions during their interactions with the additional target.
6
Content available Studies of Plasma-Focus discharges within the PF-360 facility equipped with needle D2O-ice target
Baranowski J., Jakubowski L., Sadowski M., Zebrowski J.
Nukleonika
|
2001
|
Vol. 46, suppl. 1
69--71
EN
The paper describes a new technique which has been investigated in order to overcome the neutron saturation effect and to increase the neutron yield from the plasma-focus (PF) discharges [1]. The PF-360 experimental facility was constructed at the Andrzej Soltan Institute for Nuclear Studies (IPJ) in Swierk, Poland in the late 70s [4, 5]. Recently in order to improve the neutron yield from the PF-360 machine, it was proposed to use a cryogenic deuterium target, which might be placed within the plasma-focus region. For this purpose, we have been made a needle-like cryogenic target covered with a thin „heavy-ice“ layer. A considerable increase in the average neutron yield (from 1.7×1010 to about 2.2×1010 neutrons/shot) has been achieved for 122 kJ PF discharges when the needle target top was placed at a distance of about 100 mm from the electrode ends.
7
Pomiary emisji promieniowania rentgenowskiego i strumieni jonów w plazmowym akceleratorze IPD
Baranowski J., Jakubowski L., Rabiński M., Zdunek K.
Elektronika : konstrukcje, technologie, zastosowania
|
2001
|
Vol. 42, nr 7
7-8
PL
Opisano wyniki eksperymentalne otrzymane w trakcie pomiarów emisji promieniowania rentgenowskiego oraz strumieni jonów w koaksjalnym akceleratorze IPD plazmy impulsowej. Wykazano istnienie zsynchronizowanych w czasie wiązek jonowych i emisji rentgenowskiej, świadczących o występowaniu zjawiska wielokrotnego zaciskania się sznura plazmy.
EN
Experimental results obtained for IPD coaxial accelerator of impulse plasma are presented. Existence of synchronized X-ray emissions and ion beams has been proved. These results are evidence of repeated pinching of plasma column.
8
Kodyfikacja w transporcie kombinowanym
Jakubowski L.
Przegląd Kolejowy
|
1998
|
Nr 7
8-8
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