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The Use of Coffee Waste in the Reduction of Metallurgical Slags

Matula Tomasz, Kortyka Łukasz, Myćka Łukasz, Łabaj Jerzy, Wojtal Tomasz

Archives of Foundry Engineering

2023

Vol. 23, iss. 1

103--109

Coffee is grown in over 50 countries around the world, and its sale is the largest in the world trade after crude oil. In the case of coffee beans, after consumption remains a solid waste in the form of a waste plant extract. At present, coffee waste is not fully managed, which means that it is often deposited in landfills. Taking into account their availability on the market and the content of significant amounts of carbon in them, it was proposed to use them as a reducing agent in the processing of copper slags. The use of Solid Coffee Grounds (SCG) as an alternative reducing agent for coke and coke breeze can be beneficial in two aspects. The first is the reduction of carbon dioxide emissions in the process, and the second is due to the possible release of hydrocarbons from these wastes at high temperatures, which, apart from participating in the reduction process itself, causes also mixing of the bath in the melting unit, which facilitates the process of copper sedimentation in the slag. The experiments carried out on a laboratory scale showed the possibility of reducing the copper content in the slag after the reduction process from 10.3 to 0.41 % by mass. The obtained values of the relative degree of copper splashing for all experiments ranged from 88.4 to 96.0 %. The presented solution is an innovative approach to the use of SCG in the processing of copper slags.

Cobalt as a critical raw material

Potempa Martyna, Myćka Łukasz, Kortyka Łukasz, Madej Piotr, Sak Tomasz

Polish Technical Review

2021

No. 3

2--9

In the paper, the basic information on cobalt - the element classified, for many years, in the group of critical raw materials has been presented. The current demand on the mentioned metal is higher and higher, caused mainly by the development of new technologies and also, by energetic transformation, including a development of electric cars’ market. The subject connected with obtaining of critical raw materials is nowadays a key problem due to a high dependence of the EU countries on import. The obstructed access to raw materials may dramatically affect the break of the supply chain and, in consequence, affect negatively the manufacture of materials and equipment where cobalt is a component, increase the production costs and finally, limit technological development. The present article has a review character.

W artykule przedstawiono podstawowe informacje na temat kobaltu, pierwiastka, zaliczanego od wielu lat do surowców krytycznych. Obecnie zapotrzebowanie na ten metal jest coraz większe, głównie z powodu rozwoju nowych technologii a także transformację energetyczną, w tym rozwój rynku samochodów elektrycznych. Tematyka związana z pozyskiwaniem surowców krytycznych jest obecnie kluczowa, ze względu na wysokie uzależnienie krajów Unii Europejskiej od importu. Utrudniony dostęp do surowców może drastycznie wpłynąć na przerwanie łańcucha dostaw, a co za tym idzie, wpłynąć negatywnie na produkcję materiałów i urządzeń w których kobalt stanowi składnik, podwyższyć jej koszta, a ostatecznie ograniczyć rozwój technologiczny. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy.