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Optimization of Microwave-Assisted ZSM-5 (10) Catalytic Cracking to Maximizing Conversion and Energy Efficiency

Sulaiman Muataz M., Makki Hasan F.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2024

Vol. 25, iss. 11

340--352

The potential application of microwave technology and interaction with oil/catalysts for heavy naphtha cracking to light products (aromatics and olefines) was explored. The reactor is a QVF tube of 240 mm long and 12.7 mm inner diameter, with 80 mm effective zone and the upper and lower zones filled with inert ceramic particles. The process used heater for heating heavy naphtha and condenser for the gas products. The feed enters the reactor after heating and the reaction occur within the catalytic zone while the ceramic particles improve the distribution of the compounds of the feed and products. All the products condensed and analysed by gas chromatography. Microwave technique used in chemical reactions in order to save energy and increase the conversion with lower temperature due to hot spots created within the catalyst. ZSM-5 (10) catalysts cracking experiments performed with and without nitrogen injection. The nitrogen injection increased the conversion in all conditions. The experiments achieved with various microwave irradiation (750–1250) W, preheating temperatures (150–250 °C) and space velocities (2 and 6 l/hr). The best result of cracking reaction conversion is (77.56%) at microwave power of (1250 W), a flowrate of (2 l/hr) and preheating temperature (200 °C). The cracking is facilitated due to re-activation effect of nitrogen on acid sites of the catalyst. The time of experiment is 12 minutes. Almost the flowrate has negative effect on the conversion. Microwave power increase reaction rate and increased the reaction conversion compared with conventional techniques. This study covered the effect of microwave with catalyst on the residence time, energy saving and conversion at lower temperature.