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Cactus and Holm Oak Acorn for Efficient Textile Wastewater Treatment by Coagulation-Flocculation Process Optimization Using Box-Benhken Design

Adachi Abderrazzak, Soujoud Radouane, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Tarik Moubchir, Hmamou Anouar, Eloutassi Noureddine, Lahkimi Amal

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2023

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Vol. 24, nr 6

315--328

EN

In this study, the effectiveness of using natural bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants to treat textile wastewater through the coagulation-flocculation method was examined. These bio-based agents have several advantages over chemical agents, including biodegradability, natural abundance, low toxicity, and low cost. A bio-coagulant (holm oak acorn (HOA)) and a bio-flocculant (cactus juice) were used to investigate the capacity for turbidity removal and decolorization of textile wastewater. The UV spectrophotometer was used to characterize the discharges before and after treatment, and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) and biological oxygen demand (BOD5) levels were calculated. Box-Behnken design (BBD) coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) were utilized to optimize the process and reduce turbidity and decolorization in textile wastewater. The obtained results show that under the optimal conditions (0.5 g·L-1 of HOA, 15 mL·L-1 of cactus juice, and a pH of 7), decolorization and turbidity removal were achieved at 69% and 90%, respectively. This study demonstrates the potential of using bio-coagulants and bio-flocculants in the treatment of textile wastewater.

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Use of a New Bio-Flocculent Extracted from Moroccan Cactus in the Treatment of Polyphenol-Laden Waste by the Flocculation Coagulation Process

El Mansouri Ibtissame, Lahkimi Amal, El Outassi Noureddine, Adachi Abderrazzak, Bekkari Hicham

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 5

51--62

EN

Olive cultivation is currently the subject of great exposure (Ministry of Agriculture and Maritime Fishing, 2015), and as a consequence of the implementation of the national olive cultivation development programme, an area of 1,220,000 ha (+ 120%) and a total olive production of 2,500,000 tonnes/year (+ 70%) are among the objectives of the Green Morocco Plan by 2020. The olive sector has experienced a very important movement in the context of the 2017–2018 campaign, which Morocco should record a volume never reached before, with a production record estimated at 1.56 million tons, the production of this campaign shows an increase of 47.8% compared to the previous season. In this work, we determined the efficiency of a new biodegradable natural flocculant extracted from the prickly pear Opuntia ficus indica in a physico-chemical process by coagulation-flocculation, to treat liquid discharges loaded with organic matter and phenols difficult to degrade. The tests were carried out on six well-preserved samples subjected to increasing concentrations of coagulant and flocculant after adjustment of the pH. The results obtained are very encouraging for this type of physico-chemical treatment and work is still in progress until there is a significant improvement in the rate of abatement of the pollutant load.

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Removal of Dyes by Adsorption Process Using Date Pits as Material Environmentally Friendly

Adachi Abderrazzak, El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, El Manssouri Ibtissam, Moussaoui Fatima, El Bourachdi Soukaina, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2023

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Vol. 24, iss. 8

181--193

EN

This study is based on the use of a natural material in the adsorption process to remove organic pollutants. The objective is to assess its effectiveness in adsorbing the organic pollutant MB from an aqueous solution, while operating in an open system. The DP bioadsorbent was characterized using FTIR and SEM. To determine their effect on adsorption efficiency, a number of variables were examined, including contact time, concentration of pollutant MB, adsorbent mass, pH, temperature, and adsorbent particle size. The effect of these variables on adsorption efficiency shows that a removal rate of 92.66% is achieved under optimum conditions, including a contact time of 35 minutes, a concentration of pollutant MB of 22.5 mg·l-1, an adsorbent mass (mDP) of 1.1 g·l-1 and a solution pH of 5.6. In addition, a progressive decrease in adsorption efficiency is observed with increasing temperature and adsorbent mass. On the other hand, this efficiency increases with increasing a concentration of pollutant MB. Three popular models, the Freundlich, Langmuir, and Dubin-Radushkevich models, have been used to examine the adsorption isotherms of the MB dye on DP. With a correlation factor of 0.98, it was discovered that MB adsorption monitored by the Freundlich isotherm. The Langmuir and Dubinin-Radushkevich models, however, do not adequately describe the data. The kinetic results were studied using the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order equations, and show that MB dye adsorption on DP (adsorbent) follows the pseudo-second-order model. Also estimated were thermodynamic parameters such as (ΔH°), (ΔS°), (ΔG°), enthalpy, entropy, Gibbs free energy respectively to anticipate the character of adsorption. The results indicate that the adsorption process of MB on the bioadsorbent is exothermic. The results derived from the ΔG° values lead to the conclusion that the adsorption of MB occurs spontaneously.

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Investigation of the Physico-Chemical Quality of the Wastewater in Fez City (Morocco) Using a Multivariate Statistical Method

El Ouadrhiri Faiçal, Elyemni Majda, Adachi Abderrazzak, Hmamou Anouar, Bendaoud Ahmed, Chaouch Mehdi, Lahkimi Amal

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 6

15--25

EN

Similar to countries with arid and semi-arid climates, Morocco faces problems of degradation of the quality of its environment and more specifically the quality of groundwater. In this work, we approached the physico-chemical characterization of the raw effluents of three industrial units in Fez city, namely the textile industry (U1), the copperware industry (U2), olive oil industry (U3) chosen for their degree of pollution and their environmental impact,the aim of which is to highlight the degree and nature of the pollution generated by these effluents, and their biodegradability during the winter period January to February of 2018, when the waste water treatment plant (WWTP) is malfunctioning. A set of samplings and measurements of different physico-chemical pollution parameters were carried out such as: temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, salinity, chlorides, BOD5, COD, suspended solids (SS), Ca2+, K+, as well as heavy metals. The results show that the U3 effluent is highly loaded in organic matter with high COD (37600 mg O2/L) and BOD5 (13000 mg O2/L), while the U2 effluent contains very high concentrations of heavy metals (Pb, Ni, Zn, Cu, Cd) 91,8, 71, 55,4, 53, 28 mg/L, respectively. on the other hand, the U1 effluent is characterized by high SS contents, and concentrations of Ca2+, K+ exceed Moroccan standards. The COD/BOD5 ratio shows that U1and U2 effluents are difficult to biodegrade even if their organic loads are low. In the light of these results, it is recommended that these discharges be pre-treated before they are discharged into the liquid sewer system.