Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Examples of the Knothe-Budryk theory parameter determination under complex geological and mining conditions

Apanowicz Bartosz, Kowalski Andrzej, Gruchlik Piotr, Polanin Piotr

Mining Science

|

2022

|

Vol. 29

19--32

EN

As is characteristic of every theoretical model, its application necessitates the adoption of appropriate parameters. Adopting incorrect parameters leads to erroneous results. This also concerns the application of the Knothe-Budryk theory of rock mass movement. The complexity of the geological and mining conditions means that the a priori adoption of the appropriate parameters requires analyzing the measured deformation factors. Geodesic measurements are performed for this purpose, which apart from enabling deformation prediction control, also serve to provide a posteriori parameter determination, which is subsequently used to predict the deformation induced by mining exploitation conducted under analogous conditions. The article presents the determination process and results of the following Knothe-Budryk theory parameters: the extraction coefficient (a), the rock mass parameter (tgβ), the offset of the inflection point (p) and the coefficient of influence deviation depending on the inclination of Carboniferous strata (k), based on two examples of exploitation. The examples are characterized by diverse geological and mining conditions. In the first example, the panels exhibit varied shape and dimensions, and are located on two sides of a trough, which has resulted in a deviation of the deformation in two opposite directions. The second example presents an analysis of deformations induced by the exploitation of one longwall located at a great depth of over 1000 m, on a tilted side of a trough and within an area exhibiting a diverse degree of prior mining.

2

Use of InSAR in Linear Discontinuous Ground Deformation Generation analysis: case study of a mine in Poland

Apanowicz Bartosz

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2022

|

Vol. 21, iss. 1

45--53

EN

Linear Discontinuous Ground Deformations are defined as fissures and steps, as well as structural forms composed of them. They occur on the surface as a result of underground mining. Knowledge of LDGDs has been acquired through field observations which are subsequently described in the scientific publication. Records of LDGDs are made by using the classic surveying method. The paper reviews the created LDGDs in the years 2015-2019 in one of the mines of the USCB. The analysis covers the velocity of subsidence as a result of underground mining and the values of horizontal strains determined according to the Knothe-Budryk theory. The InSAR satellite technique was used to measure the subsidence. The subsidence was determined using the small baseline method - SBAS. The combination of the theoretical Knothe-Budryk model with the large-scale capabilities of InSAR may provide valuable material for a better understanding of the genesis of LDGD creation and their prediction.

3

Zakończenie eksploatacji górniczej pod śródmieściem Bytomia, deformacje powierzchni oraz skutki w zabudowie kubaturowej

Kowalski Andrzej, Apanowicz Bartosz, Gruchlik Piotr, Mika Wiesław, Polanin Piotr, Zięba Magdalena, Kalisz Piotr

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2020

|

T. 76, nr 6

15--24

PL

Przedmiotem artykułu jest podsumowanie eksploatacji górniczej pod śródmieściem Bytomia, jej zakresu, deformacji, a także ich skutków spowodowanych eksploatacją wielokrotną – wielopokładową i prowadzoną w długim okresie czasu. Była to największa eksploatacja w Polsce, a może na świecie, pod terenem zabudowanym – pod dużym miastem. Największa w sensie wydobytego węgla kamiennego i czasu jej prowadzenia. Wykazano, że narastanie deformacji, spowodowanej eksploatacją wielokrotną i w długim okresie czasu, było możliwe pod zwartą zabudową miejską, choć musiały jej towarzyszyć uszkodzenia, a także wyburzanie budynków. W szczególności porównano określone obliczeniowo na podstawie odkształceń poziomych kategorie terenu górniczego, uwzględniając ich narastanie w czasie (deformacje czasowo-ekstremalne) oraz ich redukcję, uwzględniając relaksację odkształceń poziomych.

EN

The subject of the article is a summary of the range and deformation of mining exploitation under the Bytom downtown, and the effects of multiple, multi - seam exploitation which was carried out over a long period of time. It was the largest exploitation under the big city in Poland, under built - up area and probably in the world. It was the largest because there was the largest extraction and it lasted the longest. It was proved that the deformation increase caused by the multiple and long - lasting exploitation was possible under compact urban buildings, although damage and demolition of buildings occurred. In particular computationally defined categories of mining areas were compared based on horizontal strains, taking into account their increase in time and their reduction, calculating the so - called relaxed horizontal strains.

4

Ocena deformacji budynku spowodowanych podziemną eksploatacją górniczą z wykorzystaniem technologii UAV

Sikora Paweł, Apanowicz Bartosz, Hein Sebastian

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2020

|

T. 76, nr 2

51--56

PL

W artykule dokonano oceny uszkodzeń zewnętrznej elewacji budynku, spowodowanych podziemną eksploatacją górniczą z wykorzystaniem technologii UAV (ang. Unmanned Aerial Vehicle). Jako obiekt badań wybrano Kościół pod wezwaniem Św. Krzyża, zlokalizowany przy ulicy Frenzla w Bytomiu. W rejonie Kościoła prowadzona była wieloletnia eksploatacja węgla kamiennego. W celu oceny aktualnego stanu zewnętrznej elewacji przeprowadzono nalot bezzałogowym statkiem powietrznym. Wykonano serię zdjęć frontu budynku. Do opracowania metrycznej fotomapy elewacji wykorzystano oprogramowanie CAD (ang. Computer Aided Design) z nakładką Geolisp. Procedura umożliwiła inwentaryzację i kategoryzację uszkodzeń.

EN

The article performer evaluation of damage to the building’s external façade caused by mining exploitation using UAV (Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) technology. The church which is located at Frenzla Street in Bytom was chosen for the study. In the area of the church was carried out coal mining for many years. To assess the current condition of the external facade was using a unmanned aerial vehicle. A series of photos of the front of the building were taken. CAD (Computer Aided Design) software with Geolisp overlay was used to develop a metric photomap. The procedure allowed inventories and categorization of damage.

5

New research on a case of Linear Discontinuous Ground Deformation (LDGD)

Kowalski Andrzej, Apanowicz Bartosz, Polanin Piotr

Journal of Sustainable Mining

|

2020

|

Vol. 19, iss. 3

201--211

EN

LDGD is defined as surface fissures, steps as well as structures formed by them in the form of several steps, thresholds, ditches, and flexure. The paper presents a case study of formed LDGD - the origin, and possible methods to assess its occurrence on the basis of the research carried out in the Central Mining Institute (Poland). The authors showed that the presence of LDGD leads not only to the horizontal strain but also contributes to the formation of vertical curvatures of terrain that cause fissures in the near-surface layer of the rock mass in the areas with a thick layer of tertiary claystones and a thin layer of Quaternary strata. The accumulated experience also indicates that there is an influence of other mining factors, such as the interval between operations, face advance, and direction of operation, which may contribute to the occurrence of LDGD. Moreover, the authors pointed to the fact that predicting of LDGD is problematic and complex and is subject to uncertainty. The authors showed that both of LDGD methods prediction, when first of them is based on horizontal strains index and second one is points method, have good verifiability in practice.

6

Ocena precyzji wyznaczania położenia punktu metodą GNSS z wykorzystaniem poprawek VRS i MAC

Apanowicz Bartosz, Sikora Paweł, Mielimąka Ryszard

Przegląd Górniczy

|

2019

|

T. 75, nr 8

32--39

PL

W artykule dokonano empirycznej weryfikacji założeń dokładnościowych metody pomiaru położenia punktów z wykorzystaniem metody GNSS - RTN przy zastosowaniu poprawek sieciowych typu VRS i MAC, udostępnianych w ramach sieci stacji referencyjnych SmartNet firmy Leica Geosystem. Obserwacje zrealizowano w trzech niezależnych cyklach pomiarowych. Terminy zostały dobrane w taki sposób, aby zapewnić w każdym przypadku podobne warunki pomiarowe oraz atmosferyczne.

EN

The article performed an empirical verification of the assumptions of the precision method of measuring the location of points using the GNSS - RTN method, the VRS and MAC corrections and the Leica Geosystem’s SmartNet network. Observations were made in three measuring cycles. The dates were selected in such a way as to ensure similar measurement and atmospheric conditions on each day. The results of the measurements are presented in the following article.