Wyniki wyszukiwania - BazTech

1

Regulacje prawne w zakresie dopuszczania surowcowych kopalin do obrotu w postaci środków poprawiających właściwości gleb lub środków wapnujących

Antonkiewicz Jacek, Skuta Ireneusz, Pożyczka Rafał

Górnictwo Odkrywkowe

|

2023

|

R. 64, nr 2

50--56

PL

Ustawa o nawozach i nawożeniu oraz rozporządzenia do ustawy pozwalają na wprowadzenie do obrotu nowych środków nawozowych, opracowanych na podstawie naturalnych kopalin, surowców mineralnych oraz odpadów mineralnych i organicznych, które spełniają określone wymagania w zakresie zanieczyszczeń chemicznych (np. metale ciężkie – Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, As) oraz zanieczyszczeń biologicznych (żywych jaj pasożytów jelitowych: Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., bakterii z rodzaju Salmonella). Środki nawozowe otrzymywane na bazie surowców mineralnych, na przykład o charakterze wapniowym, mogą być wprowadzone do obrotu, pod warunkiem zachowania minimalnej ilości składników pokarmowych oraz przy zachowaniu limitów metali ciężkich i innych pierwiastków potencjalnie toksycznych, takich jak kadmu (Cd) i ołowiu (Pb), czy arsenu (As). Z analizy składu chemicznego powinno wynikać, że surowce mineralne w postaci środka nawozowego, wapnującego, nie stanowią potencjalnego źródła metali ciężkich dla gleby. Środki nawozowe są bezpieczne dla środowiska i po pozytywnej opinii wydanej przez IUNG-PIB w Puławach mogą utracić status materiału odpadowego. Następnie surowce te mogą być wprowadzone do obrotu w postaci środka poprawiającego właściwości gleby lub środka wapnującego.

EN

The Act on Fertilizers and Fertilization and the Regulations to the Act allow for the marketing of new fertilizers, developed on the basis of natural minerals, mineral raw materials as well as mineral and organic waste, which meet specific requirements in terms of chemical impurities (e.g. heavy metals – Cr, Cd, Ni, Pb, Hg, As) and biological contaminants (live eggs of intestinal parasites: Ascaris sp., Trichuris sp., Toxocara sp., Salmonella bacteria). Fertilizers agents based on mineral raw materials, e.g. calcium, may be placed on the market, provided that the minimum amount of nutrients is maintained and the limits of heavy metals such as cadmium (Cd) and lead (P b), arsenic (As) are observed. The analysis of the chemical composition should show that mineral raw materials in the form of a fertilizer and liming agent are not a potential source of heavy metals for the soil. Fertilizers agents are safe for the environment and, after a positive opinion issued by IUNG-PIB in Puławy, may lose the status of a waste material. These raw materials can then be placed on the market in the form of a soil improver or liming agent.

2

Assessment of the health risk associated with exposure to heavy metals present in particulate matter deposition in the Małopolska Province

Wieczorek Jerzy, Baran Agnieszka, Pawlik Ewa, Mądro Izabela, Gąsienica Anna, Wojtaszek Iwona, Antonkiewicz Jacek

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

|

2021

|

Vol. 47, no. 2

95--107

EN

The aim of the study was to investigate the content of trace elements in deposited particulate matter and to estimate the health risk to Kraków inhabitants, caused by the exposure to heavy metals in particulate matter deposition. The qualitative and quantitative assessments of selected heavy metals in deposited particulate matter have been carried out in the city of Kraków (Małopolska, southern Poland, 5 measuring points) for seven months, between February and September 2017. A comparative study was conducted at the same time in Małopolska (5 measuring points). The deposited particulate matter was collected gravitationally, using measurement plates covered with aluminum foil and paraffin jelly. The largest deposition of particulate matter was found in May and June. The highest amount of deposited particulate matter and metals present in it was determined in Kraków. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) evaluation for non-carcinogenic effect showed low risk for each metal. In the case of lead in particulate matter, the carcinogenic risk value did not reach 10−6 hence this risk is acceptable. The total carcinogenic risk for all routes of exposure to cadmium was higher, indicating the risk of cancer in children and adults, with children more exposed. However, the carcinogenic risk for cadmium was also acceptable. The study showed that the problem of poor air quality concerns not only the city of Kraków, but also the entire Małopolska region. Elevated metal concentrations in particulate matter indicate the need for monitoring it in the air.

3

Assessment of Different Doses of Sewage Sludge Application on Virginia Fanpetals Biomass Feedstock Production

Kołodziej Barbara, Antonkiewicz Jacek

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

|

2020

|

Tom 22, cz. 1

488--513

EN

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of increasing municipal sewage sludge doses on Sida hermaphrodita Rusby (Virginia fanpetals) yielding and bioenergy feedstock characteristics. In a six-year-lasting field experiment two methods of plantation establishment (by roots cuttings and nurse-in-tray plantlets) and three dates of biomass harvesting (autumn, winter and spring one) were additionally tested in climatic conditions of south-eastern Poland. Virginia fanpetals dry yields increased each year and exceeded 20 Mg ha-1 in the second year of culture. Application of 40 Mg ha-1sludge DM resulted in obtaining the highest yield. Similarly the content, uptake and index of bioaccumulation of macronutrients contained in the sludge increased along with increasing its dose. Biomass was characterized by a favorable parameters: net calorific values were in the range of 16.2-16.7 MJ kg-1. The highest energy value of biomass yield was obtained with root cuttings use for plantation establishment, especially in objects with high dose of sludge during autumn harvest. Both, winter and spring harvesting significantly reduced yields, while using root cuttings for plantation establishment gave better yields only during the first three years of plant vegetation, than biomass yields equalized with the ones obtained by plantlets planting.

PL

Celem badań było określenie wpływu zwiększających się dawek komunalnych osadów ściekowych na plonowanie i cechy jakościowe surowca energetycznego sidy-ślazowca pensylwańskiego (Sida hermaphrodita Rusby). W sześcioletnim doświadczeniu polowym przetestowano dodatkowo dwie metody zakładania plantacji (z sadzonek korzeniowych i rozsady wyprodukowanej w paletach wielokomórkowych) oraz trzy terminy zbioru biomasy (jesienny, zimowy i wiosenny) w warunkach klimatycznych południowo-wschodniej Polski. Plony suchej masy ślazowca pensylwańskiego zwiększały się w kolejnych latach badań przekraczając 20 Mg ha-1w drugim roku uprawy. Zastosowanie 40 Mg sm osadu ha-1spowodowało uzyskanie najwyższych plonów biomasy. Notowano również zwiększenie zawartości, pobrania i wartości indeksu bioakumulacji makroelementów zawartych w osadach wraz ze zwiększaniem ich dawki. Biomasa ślazowca charakteryzowała się korzystnymi cechami: jej wartość opałowa mieściła się w przedziale 16,2-16,7 MJ kg-1. Największą wartość energetyczną plonu biomasy uzyskano przy zastosowaniu sadzonek korzeniowych do zakładania plantacji, zwłaszcza na obiektach z aplikacją wysokich dawek osadu i podczas jesiennych zbiorów biomasy. Zarówno podczas zbioru zimowego, jak i wiosennego notowano istotne zmniejszenie plonów biomasy sidy, a wykorzystanie sadzonek korzeniowych do założenia plantacji wiązało się z lepszym plonowaniem tylko w pierwszych trzech latach wegetacji roślin, w okresie późniejszym plonowanie roślin było podobne jak na obiektach z wysadzaniem rozsady.

4

The effect of different forms of sulphur on incidence of apple scab on apple tree (Malus x domestica Borkh) Gloster cv.

Bělíková Hana, Mészáros Martin, Varga Ladislav, Árvay Július, Wiśniowska-Kielian Barbara, Gondek Krzysztof, Antonkiewicz Jacek, Torma Stanislav, Lazarević Boris, Bennewitz Eduardo, Lošák Tomáš

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 1

199--208

EN

From 2014 to 2015 the influence of foliar application of sulphur on apple trees (Gloster cv.)was investigated in the apple orchard at the Research and Breeding Institute of Pomology in Holovousy (North-East Bohemia, Czech Republic). The experiment was based on foliar applications of fertilizers containing different forms of sulphur: elemental S0, sulphate SO4 2− and thiosulphate S2O3 2− (in combination with other macro- and microelements) and fungicides with or without sulphur: Kumulus (S0 + F) and the conventional fungicide programme (F), in the respective treatments. Apple scab incidence on leaves and fruits was investigated in each experimental year according to the relevant methodology of the OEPP/EPPO standard PP1/5(3) Venturia inaequalis. Data on the incidence of apple scab correlate with the process of pathogen life cycle and risk of infection on the given dates. The incidence of apple scab was the lowest in 2014 in treatment S0 + F (10.8 % on leaves, 2.8 % on fruits) and F (15.8 % on leaves, 6 % on fruits) where conventional fungicides were used. When compared with the other treatments these treatments were the most effective even if the incidence of scab in the individual treatments in 2015 increased by 28 to 60 % due to high infection pressure. The results confirmed the efficiency of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) against apple scab incidence on fruits. What is more, the results were slightly better in the treatment, where the conventional fungicide programme was combined with fertilizer containing elemental S (S0 + F) in comparison with fungicides applied alone (F). The effect of the other forms of sulphur (SO4 and S2O3) on apple scab control has not been confirmed. According to the results, the application of the conventional fungicide programme (S0 + F and F) is more effective against scab incidence than the inorganic forms of sulphur alone.

5

Effect of municipal sewage sludge on soil chemical properties and chemical composition of spring wheat

Antonkiewicz Jacek, Kuc Andrzej, Witkowicz Robert, Tabak Monika

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. S

|

2019

|

Vol. 26, nr 3

583--595

EN

Municipal sewage sludge from rural sewage treatment plants is characterized by a substantial content of organic matter and macronutrients, which can be used in cultivation of cereals. In a farm located in the commune of Iwanowice in the south of Poland (Malopolska province), municipal sewage sludge was applied under spring wheat cultivation. The experiment was set up on heavy soil with slightly acid reaction and medium content of available forms of P, K, Mg. Application of sewage sludge in a dose of 23 Mg fresh matter per hectare (4.21 Mg d.m.) led to no significant changes in chemical properties of the soil. Application of sewage sludge significantly increased yield of spring wheat. That increase led to a significant decrease in the content of N, P, K, Na, Mg and Ca in spring wheat. Utilization of N, Mg, K, P and Ca from sewage sludge by spring wheat was at a level of 82, 63, 44, 36, 9 %, respectively, of the amount introduced with the waste. Application of municipal sewage sludge significantly decreased the value of Ca : P ratio in spring wheat grain and straw. The sewage sludge did not cause a significant change in the values of Ca : Mg, K : Na, K : (Ca+Mg), K : Mg and K : Ca ratios in spring wheat grain and straw. Municipal sewage sludge can be used environmentally, including for fertilization of cereals, provided that environmental standards are kept.