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Distributions of photosynthetic and photoprotecting pigment concentrations in the water column in the Baltic Sea : an improved mathematical description

Stoń-Egiert Joanna, Majchrowski Roman, Ostrowska Mirosława

Oceanologia

2019

No. 61 (1)

1--16

Mathematical formulas are given to describe the changes with depth of concentrations of chlorophylls b, c, and photosynthetic and photoprotecting carotenoids in Baltic phytoplankton resulting from the adaptation of algal cells to ambient conditions. They take into account the spectral variability and differences in intensity, characteristic of the Baltic, in the irradiance penetrating the water, and also the spectral similarities among the spectra of different groups of phytoplankton pigments. The formulas were derived and validated on the basis of an extensive set of empirical data acquired from different parts of the Baltic Sea in 1999-2016. The standard error factor x of these formulas ranges from 1.32 to 1.73. These values are lower than those obtained for formulas derived for ocean waters, in which the influence of allogenic constituents on optical properties is negligibly small: 1.44 and 1.52 respectively in the case of chlorophyll c, and 1.32 and 1.47 respectively for photoprotecting carotenoids. With these formulas, overall levels of the main groups of pigments can be calculated from known irradiance conditions and chlorophyll a concentrations at any depth in a layer equal to one and a half thicknesses of the euphotic layer (i.e. to an optical depth of τ = 7) in theBaltic.The accuracy of these approximations is close to that of estimates of other bio-optical characteristics in this sea. This was confirmed by a validation based on an independent dataset (x from 1.27 to 1.84).