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Tree ring analysis as an indicator of environmental changes caused by tourist trampling — A potential method for the assessment of the impact of tourists

Ciapała S., Adamski P., Zielonka T.

Geochronometria

2014

Vol. 41, no. 4

392--399

This paper shows that tree-ring trends might be used for the assessment of the intensity of trampling along touristic tracks in the forests. The study aims at determining the effects of trampling, on the dynamics of annual increments in trees subject to pressure from hiking tourism. The studies were conducted at a spruce stand in the Tatra Mts., on sections of different trails. Within each trail, four transects were determined. Transects include the zones with damage from trampling and the un-affected areas, treated as a reference zones. Selected trees growing in both zones were sampled by coring and the core samples were used to develop sequences of annual increment widths. Next, the dynamics of increments in trees growing in the tourist zone and the reference zone were compared. The decrease in the annual increments was significantly more rapid in trees growing directly along the trail that those in trees deep in the forest stand in one locality. This finding may testify the adverse effects of hiking along tourist routes on the radial increments in trees in the neighbourhood of the trails. The results of the study indicate that the impact of trampling in the form of soil compaction and mechanical damage to root systems of trees may, to some extent, be compensated by better light access and lessened competition experienced by trees growing along the edges of hiking trails. Tree-ring analyses might be an efficient alternative for assessment of tourism intensity conducted by the other methods.

Coarse woody debris in mountain streams and their influence on geomorphology of channels in the Tatra Mts.

Zielonka A., Ciapała S., Malina P., Piątek G.

Landform Analysis

2009

Vol. 10

134-139

Dead wood plays important function in the riverine environment. Dead trees lying in stream channels modify the speed of the current and the shape of the channel, thus have a great influence on channel morphology. Coarse woody debris (CWD) exert influence on variation in channel width and gradient as well as promote lateral channel migration and sediment storage. In this paper we study the characteristics of dead wood delivered to two mountain streams, the Waksmundzki Stream and Pyszniański Stream in the Tatra Mts. The inflow of dead trees to the stream channels was determined with the use of dendrochronological methods. In both channels, a similar number of CWD was found – ca. 60 units per 100 m. In the Waskmundzki Stream more logs were aggregated in form of dams than in the Pyszniański Stream. The distribution of diameters, decay classes, and length classes was similar for both streams. Bank erosion is the most common cause of inflow of dead wood to the stream channel. Cross-dating of the moment of death of trees lying in the stream may indicate that inflow of dead wood to the channels is a continuous process. Fragmented remains of dead trees create geomorphological formations like dams and steps, which highly modify the channels.