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Korean people's army. The origin and meaning of the militarization in DPRK's policy

Weber K.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

2015

Nr 1

123--136

One of the least developed countries in the world, the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK), maintains extremely numerous armed forces. There are many aspects for political analyses in the context of the North Korean army. This problem is intensified, especially by complicated international situation in the region and the lack of comprehensive information on the actual state of affairs in the regime of Kim Jong-un. What is important in this matter, are the real capabilities of this army in the area of military equipment, training of soldiers, and advances of the technological research. In this context, the condition and prospects of development of the local economy which provides the funding for the army should be analyzed as well. After the changes in the political leadership which followed the death of Kim Jong-il, it is also worth considering, how the power of the army affects the prospects of the current regime. Analyzing the internal situation, the next important problem discussed is the meaning of North Korean generals for the duration of Kim Jong-un’s regime. We should consider, whether the army would still be the protector of the present order, or if it could become the first factor of change, starting with it seizing power in the North Korea.

Effect of the Concentrations and Quality of Protein in Diets for Growing-Finishing Pigs on Nitrogen Excretion to the Environment

Drażbo A., Sobotka W., Antoszkiewicz Z., Weber K.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

2009

Vol. 16, nr 8

917-925

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of the concentrations and quality of protein in diets for growing-finishing pigs on total protein digestibility, and on the levels of nitrogen retention, utilization and excretion to the environment. Digestibility and balance trials were conducted on 24 young hybrid (Polish Large White x Polish Landrace) x Duroc) boars, placed in individual metabolism cages equipped for quantitative collection of feces and urine. The boars were divided into three experimental groups, of 8 animals each, and were fed grower and finisher diets differing in the concentrations of total protein, lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan. Control diet l contained standard amounts of total protein and essential amino acids, diet 2 contained reduced amounts of total protein (by 15 % to the standard level) and essential amino acids, and diet 3 contained reduced amounts of total protein and standard (as in control diet 1) amounts of essential amino acids. U was found that a decrease in the levels of total protein and essential amino acids (lysine, methionine, threonine and tryptophan) in grower diets negatively affected protein digestibility and nitrogen balance parameters. The analyzed experimental factor had a beneficial influence on urinary and fecal nitrogen excretion in pigs fed on finisher diets. The supplementation of diets with a decreased total protein content with essential amino acids had no statistically significant effect on nitrogen balance. It was estimated that a 15 % reduction to the standard level in total protein concentrations and a decrease in essential amino acid levels in grower and finisher diets reduced nitrogen excretion to the environment by 5.38 to 16.81 %.

Celem pracy było określenie wpływu poziomu i jakości białka w mieszankach paszowych dla tuczników na strawność białka ogólnego, retencję azotu i jego wykorzystanie oraz na ilość wydalanego azotu do środowiska. Materiał doświadczalny w badaniach strawnościowo-bilansowych stanowiły 24 wieprzki, mieszańce ras (wbp x pbz) x Duroc. Tuczniki umieszczono w indywidualnych klatkach metabolicznych, przystosowanych do ilościowego zbierania kału i moczu. Zostały one podzielone na 3 grupy doświadczalne po 8 osobników w każdej i żywione mieszankami Grower/Finiszer o różnej koncentracji białka ogólnego, lizyny, metioniny, treoniny i tryptofanu. Mieszanka l-K zawierała standardową ilość białka ogólnego i aminokwasów egzogennych; mieszanka 2 miała obniżony o 15 % w stosunku do standardu poziom białka ogólnego i aminokwasów egzogennych; w mieszance 3 zmniejszona ilość białka ogólnego została wzbogacona w aminokwasy egzogenne do poziomu jak w mieszance 1-K.