The paper presents an investigation into the three cathode layers for the Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell that were obtained by using printing techniques on various surfaces. The main differences during the manufacturing process were the substrates used when printing the layers: glass and two different sorts of paper. The cathodes were investigated at the theoretical and experimental level. To identify the influence of the substrate used we built a mathematical model of the fuel cell, in which the influence is expressed by the conductivity of the layer. The paper demonstrates the possibility of using printing techniques to manufacture Molten Carbonate Fuel Cell layers.
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This paper addresses the issue of the quantitative characterization of the structure of the calibration model (phantom) for b-matrix spatial distribution diffusion tensor imaging (BSD-DTI) scanners. The aim of this study was to verify manufacturing assumptions of the structure of materials, since phantoms are used for BSD-DTI calibration directly after manufacturing. Visualization of the phantoms’ structure was achieved through optical microscopy and high-resolution computed microtomography (µCT). Using µCT images, a numerical model of the materials structure was developed for further quantitative analysis. 3D image characterization was performed to determine crucial structural parameters of the phantom: porosity, uniformity and distribution of equivalent diameter of capillary bundles. Additionally calculations of hypothetical flow streamlines were also performed based on the numerical model that was developed. The results obtained in this study can be used in the calibration of DTI-BST measurements. However, it was found that the structure of the phantom exhibits flaws and discrepancies from the assumed geometry which might affect BSD-DTI calibration.
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The paper presents the spectrum of methods and results for design of structures, which are frequently applied in numerical simulations of properties and processes taking place in cellular materials. The methods described here are universal for many applications at various length-scales. They can be efficiently applied for complex cellular structures such as polycrystals or foams, where the elements (grains or pores) are distributed and shaped in a controlled way. The digital material representations created by these methods can be used for a number of numerical techniques such as: Molecular dynamics (MD), Monte Carlo (MC), Cellular Automaton (CA), Finite Element Method (FEM) or Finite Volume Method (FVM). The examples of structures consisting of atoms, fields or finite elements are presented in this paper. The applications of such structures are demonstrated by the properties and processes relevant to the specific length scales.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono metody oraz wyniki projektowania struktur, które są stosowane do numerycznej symulacji własności i procesów występujących w materiałach komórkowych. Zaprezentowane metody mają charakter uniwersalny dla zastosowań w różnych skalach wymiarowych. Mogą być stosowane do takich materiałów jak polikryształy lub pianki, w których elementy (ziarna lub pustki) są rozłożone i ukształtowane w sposób kontrolowany. Cyfrowe reprezentacje materiału utworzone za pomocą zaproponowanych w pracy rozwiązań mogą stanowić podstawę dla takich numerycznych metod jak Dynamika Molekularna (ang. Molecular Dynamics - MD), Monte Carlo (MC), Automaty Komórkowe (ang. Cellular Automaton -CA), Metoda elementów Skończonych (ang. Finite Element Method - FEM) lub Metoda Objętości Skończonych (ang. Finite Volume Method - FVM). W artykule zaprezentowano przykłady struktur składających się z atomów, pól lub elementów skończonych. Przedstawiono również zastosowania tych struktur do opisu własności i procesów charakterystycznych dla różnych skal wymiarowych.