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1
Content available Dimensioning of port waterways for vessels handling offshore wind farms using the navigational risk analysis
Gucma Stanisław, Gralak Rafał
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2022
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nr 70 (142)
9--19
EN
This article indicates the development trends in the construction of offshore wind turbines worldwide, and the characteristics of existing and planned ships for wind turbine installation and maintenance; it presents an approach to design ports with their future operations in mind. Problem: The safety of navigation in port waterways is the basic restrictions for the construction of harbors (terminals) to handle ships used for the construction of OWT and for increasing their size. Navigational risk is a criterion of navigational safety assessment that allows its accurate estimation in port waterways. Method: The article presents the method for dimensioning port waterways for ships serving offshore sea wind turbine transport and construction. Furthermore, a method for determining the navigational risk of jack-up vessels navigating in port waterway areas is presented. Results: The authors have determined conditions for safe operation of these ships in restricted areas and defined the basic condition of navigational safety. The presented method of navigational risk analysis refers to the departure of a loaded ship carrying offshore wind turbine components in the presently designed port terminal in Świnoujście for handling offshore wind farm projects. Conclusion: These are universal methods that can be applied to the design of ports serving vessels that install offshore wind turbines in various types of waters.
2
Content available Assessment of ship manoeuvring safety in waterway systems by relative navigational risk
Gucma Stanisław, Ślączka Wojciech, Bąk Andrzej
Archives of Transport
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2022
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Vol. 64, iss. 4
119--134
EN
The safety of vessels navigating in the sea waterway system is ensured by fulfilling the acceptable restrictions called safe ship operation conditions in that system. The assessment of navigation safety is particularly important when the conditions for safe operation of ships in the waterway system are changed concerns increasing the maximum parameters of vessels, increasing the allowable hydrometeorological conditions or changing the minimum tug assistance. The article presents a method for assessing navigation safety when the conditions for the safe operation of vessels in the waterway system get changed. The method uses two indicators, which are difference in navigation risks and relative navigation risk. To determine the navigational risk, algorithms were developed for calculating the probability of accidents caused by the deterioration of navigation conditions and technical failure of ship equipment and tugs. Another algorithm was developed for calculating the consequences of the accidents that involve blocking a waterway by a ship anchoring in an emergency, grounding, impact of the ship against a port structure or moored ship and a collision with another ship in motion. The method developed for assessing navigation safety by means of relative navigation risk can be used in practice when changing the conditions for safe operation of vessels in the waterway system and when the system is modernized. Navigational safety management is a decision process that is implemented in the loop presented in the article. The acceptable risk is determined on the basis of vessel traffic intensity and ship parameters defined by safe operation conditions for a given waterway system. Relative navigational risk may be used in assessment and comparison of various conditions of safe ship operation. The probability of an accident caused by ship's moving outside the available navigable area due to technical failures of ship equipment or tugs is determined, depending on the type of port waterway and the manoeuvres performed.
3
Content available remote Projektowany port do obsługi morskich farm wiatrowych w Świnoujściu – analiza ryzyka nawigacyjnego
Gucma Stanisław, Gralak Rafał
Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
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2021
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nr 2
76--83
PL
Prezentacja projektu portu w Świnoujściu przewidzianego do obsługi statków instalujących oraz serwisujących turbiny wiatrowe na Bałtyku w polskiej strefie ekonomicznej. Opracowanie specjalnych kryteriów bezpieczeństwa nawigacji dla statków tego typu oraz przeprowadzenie analizy ryzyka nawigacyjnego w celu zwymiarowania akwenów portowych dla tych statków oraz określenia warunków ich bezpiecznej eksploatacji podczas manewrów wejścia i wyjścia z portu.
EN
Presentation of the project of the port in Świnoujście planned to handle ships for installing and servicing wind turbines in the Baltic Sea in the Polish economic zone. Development of safety criteria for this type of ships and carrying out a navigational risk analysis for dimensioning of the port basins and channels for chosen ships and defining the conditions for their safe operation, during port entry and departure manoeuvres.
4
Content available remote Analiza bezpieczeństwa eksploatacji statków na przebudowanym torze wodnym Świnoujście – Szczecin
Gucma Stanisław, Gralak Rafał, Jesion Piotr, Łempicki Maciej, Przywarty Marcin
Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
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2021
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nr 6
230--236
PL
Maksymalne parametry statków i warunki ich bezpiecznej eksploatacji na przebudowanym torze wodnym Świnoujście – Szczecin (pogłębienie toru wodnego z 10,5 m do 12,5 m i odpowiednie poszerzenie). Warunki bezpiecznej eksploatacji statków na tym torze zdefiniowane przy wykorzystaniu nowo opracowanej metody określania maksymalnych bezpiecznych parametrów statków w złożonych systemach istniejących dróg wodnych.
EN
The maximum parameters of ships and the conditions for their safe operation on the rebuilt Świnoujście – Szczecin fairway (deepening of the fairway from 10,5 m to 12,5 m and widening it accordingly). The conditions for the safe operation of ships on this fairway defined using a newly developed method for determining the maximum safe parameters of ships in complex systems of existing waterways.
5
Content available Areas of emergency maneuvers and the navigational risk of accidents in fairways due to ship technical failures determined by the ship movement simulation method
Gucma Stanisław, Gralak Rafał, Muczyński Bartosz
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2020
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nr 61 (133)
39--47
EN
The identification of navigational risks of accidents in fairways is a basic principle for the construction or modernization of waterways in restricted waters and when the conditions of safe operation change. The estimation of navigational risk requires the evaluation of the consequences of accidents occurring in fairways: grounding, impact against a vertical shore, port/offshore structure or moored ship. When determining the consequences of these accidents, it is necessary to know the emergency maneuvering area and the speed of the ship at the time of the accident. The method of ship movement simulation in real time was used to determine the parameters of emergency maneuvering areas and the speed of vessels during the maneuvers. The results of the simulation experiment include full form vessels (bulk carriers, tankers) with a capacity ranging from 5,000 DWT to 100,000 DWT. The presented results of simulation tests enabled the evaluation of probability and consequences of ships’ accidents in fairways resulting from technical failures of ships’ steering equipment, allowing to assess the navigational risk for ships sailing through different types of fairways (approach channels, port entrances and inner port fairways).
6
Content available A simulation method for the determining the minimum pull of tugs assisting in port manoeuvres
Gucma Stanisław, Gucma Maciej, Gralak Rafał, Bilewski Mateusz, Muczyński Bartosz
Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Morskiej w Szczecinie
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2019
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nr 57 (129)
49--55
EN
The article presents a simulation method for determining the minimum safe pull of tugs assisting in port manoeuvres. The method can be used to determine the relationship between the minimum safe pull, understood as the tension on the line, of the assisting tugs and the overall length, cargo capacity or net capacity of ships manoeuvring in a given port under allowable hydrometeorological conditions. The method was verified through simulated tests of gas tankers’ entry, turning and berthing at the LNG terminal of Świnoujście.
7
Content available Conditions of safe ship operation in seaports – optimization of port waterway parameters
Gucma Stanisław
Polish Maritime Research
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2019
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nr 3
22--29
EN
A seaport is presented in this article as a system composed of various types of waterways. The author has defined relationships between port waterway system elements and conditions of safe operation of ships in port. Relationships were determined between the conditions of safe operation of ships and the parameters of the following port waterways: anchorage, fairways (approach and inner channels, port entrances), turning area and port basin. The identified relationships between port waterway system and conditions of safe ship operation provided a basis for formulating the objective function of waterway parameter optimization during port design. In practice, these relations were used to determine the parameters of the Outer Container Terminal being built in Świnoujście, where two optimization problems were to be solved: 1. The optimization of approach channel parameters, 2. The optimization of parameters of the port entrance, turning area and port basin. The Outer Container Terminal in Świnoujście is expected to handle ocean-going ships with a length overall Lo = 400 m, and its projected capacity is estimated at 1.5 million TEU per year, a figure that can be doubled in the future.
8
Content available remote Symulacyjne metody określania warunków bezpiecznej eksploatacji statków na portowych drogach wodnych
Gucma Stanisław, Gucma Maciej, Przywarty Maciej
Inżynieria Morska i Geotechnika
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2019
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nr 3
145--150
PL
Symulacyjne metody określania warunków bezpiecznej eksploatacji statków na istniejących portowych drogach wodnych. Przykłady zastosowań tych metod dotyczące szczegółowych rozwiązań takich jak: zwiększenie maksymalnych parametrów statków na danej drodze wodnej, zmiana dopuszczalnych warunków hydrometeorologicznych (np. zwiększenie dopuszczalnej prędkości wiatru lub prądu), określenie minimalnej asysty holowniczej statków eksploatowanych na istniejącej drodze wodnej.
EN
Simulation methods for determining the conditions of safe ships operations on existing port waterways. Examples of application of these methods concerning detailed solutions such as: increasing the maximum parameters of ships on a given waterway, changing permissible hydrometeorological conditions (eg increasing the permissible wind speed or current), determining the minimum towing assistance for ships operated on an existing waterway
9
Content available Optimization of LNG terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes: the case of the port of Świnoujście
Gucma Stanisław, Gucma Maciej
Archives of Transport
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2019
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Vol. 50, iss. 2
91--100
EN
LNG terminals are built to handle tankers of specific size, with cargo capacities within a narrow scope. This is related to the differences in cargo, fender and mooring systems used for LNG tanker handling of various sizes. The research problem solved in the article is the development of the method for optimal design of a universal LNG cargo handling facility that enables safe operations of LNG tankers in a wide range of cargo capacity that covers almost entire spectrum of global fleet tanker sizes. The article presents a methodology of optimizing the parameters of LNG cargo terminals to accommodate both small bunker ships with cargo capacity of 500 m3 (50 metres in length) to Q-flex type tankers capable of carrying up to 220 000 m3 (320 m in length). The authors have determined conditions for the safe operation of these tankers in sea LNG terminals and described differences in the construction of cargo, fendering and mooring systems. The optimization of both location and terminal parameters for a wide range of gas tanker sizes as well as approach channels leading to the LNG berths was performed using a specially designed two-stage simulation method of optimization. In the first stage the best location of a universal LNG terminal and its berths in the existing port basin is determined. The second stage defines optimal parameters of approach waterways to the berths of a universal LNG terminal. The optimization criterion at both stages was the minimization of the costs to build and to operate a universal LNG terminal. The developed optimization methodology was actually used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście. The tests made use of real time simulation (RTS) and non-autonomous models of ships, in which ship movement is controlled by a human (pilot, captain). Simulation tests were performed on a multi-bridge ship handling Polaris simulator with a 3D projection, from Kongsberg Maritime AS. This full-mission bridge simulator (FMBS) is located at the Marine Traffic Engineering Centre, Maritime University of Szczecin. Two simulation ship movement models were built and verified for testing the manoeuvres of port entry and berthing. These are: Q-flex type tanker (length: 320 m) and an LNG bunker ship, 6,000 m3 capacity, 104 m in length. The test results were used in the design of the universal LNG terminal in the outer port of Świnoujście and approach waterways leading to the berths (now this investment project is in progress).
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