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Investigation of the permeability of petroleum derivatives by arable soils of different classes

Jablonska Aneta, Polanczyk Andrzej

Zeszyty Naukowe SGSP / Szkoła Główna Służby Pożarniczej

2025

Nr 93 (tom 1)

7--21

Spills of petroleum substances into soils, originating from vehicles, public transport or agricultural machinery pose a serious environmental threat, leading to soil contamination and degradation. This phenomenon requires special attention due to its potential ecological consequences and the significance of soil as a resource for agricultural activity. In 2023, the Chojnice County Fire Department recorded 998 local hazards, 140 of which involved the neutralization and absorption of chemicals, and 88 cases involved limiting spills and leaks. In response to the magnitude of this issue, laboratory studies were carried out to analyse the permeability of selected soil types when in contact with petroleum substances. The aim of the study was to verify the influence of different arable classes of soils on petroleum permeability. The studies involved soils of different arable classes (IIIa, IVa, V), which were exposed to selected contaminants from vehicles and agricultural machinery. Parameters such as permeability, permeability coefficient and capillary capacity were measured as part of the experiment. The analysis results were presented in the form of charts and discussed in detail. The data showed that all studied soils exhibited good permeability levels (Grade IV according to C. Święcicki’s classification). The results allowed conclusions regarding differences in soil reactions to petroleum substance contact, which could be crucial for pollution management and soil environmental protection.