recording only 534.4 mm of rainfall, about 87.4% of the norm. Due to this overall dryness, the notable landslides, with 14 incidents reported, were significantly fewer than in previous years, Furthermore, the PGI-NRI seismological network (PSG_Sejs_NET), recorded 305 events, mainly induced by mining activities. The strongest event of the year was an M4.7 earthquake with an epicentre in the LGOM region, recorded on April 7, illustrating the improvement in locating such phenomena thanks to new seismic stations. In 2022, residents of western Małopolska, especially in Trzebinia and the surrounding area, experienced an intensification of the problem of post-mining sinkholes, mainly related to the rising groundwater level after the liquidation of mines such as‘‘Siersza” and “Olkusz-Pomorzany”. The most serious incidents included: sinkholes in the cemetery in Trzebinia and in the town of Hutki. In 2022, there was a notable increase in the use of new technologies for recording and monitoring geohazards, including InSAR, drones or high-resolution digital terrain models. These advancements significantly enhanced the precision and scope of geohazard assessment and monitoring. One of the examples is the open European Ground Monitoring Service (EGMS) implemented by European Environment Agency, which helped identification of significant deformations in Poland with a total area of 4.4 thousand km2, mainly related to mining exploitation. In addition, an excellent example of the comprehensive use of various data sources was presented during the stage, completed in 2022, of the project "4D Cartography in the coastal zone of the southern Baltic Sea”, which allowed for the accurate identification of geohazards on the section of the coast from Ustka to Dąbki, showing numerous threats, such as landslides, flooding and coastal erosion. The article discusses in detail this occurrence of various geological threats in 2022.

extensive than previously estimated. Identification of the deformations involved analysis of historic aerial photographs, airborne laser scanning data, orthophotomaps and satellite radar data. Moreover, laser scanning of the selected areas using an unmanned aerial vehicle and a terrestrial laser scanner was carried out together with field mapping work. A comprehensive survey of sinkholes, including those previously unknown – located outside built-up areas – allowed an assumption to be made that areas where sinkholes had been remediated in the past were also at significant risk. A number of sinkholes are also located outside areas of shallow mining (up to 100 m below ground level). In the study area, 527 sinkholes and 254 linear-type deformations (post-mining faults) were identified. The use of satellite radar interferometry made it possible to state that continuous deformations also occur in the area of influence of the former "Siersza" Hard Coal Mine. In the past, this was the subsidence of the terrain, and currently an uplift is faced in this area which, in some places, reaches up to 20 mm per year.

thematic layers (slopes, slope exposure, absolute height, relative height, convergence index, surface lithology, sub-Quaternary lithology, distance from tectonic discontinuities). For modelling, 434 points representing landslides and the same number of points of locations without landslides were used. Among the set of points, 70% was allocated to the training phase, 15% to the validation phase, and 15% to the phase. In order to assess the network performance, based on the results of the test phase, a confusion matrix was made. Approximately 22% of the city’s area is susceptible to landslide occurrence (LS > 0.05 ). It overlap existing landslides and cover areas where they have not occurred yet. The greatest number of areas susceptible to landslide occurrence is located in districts X (54% of the district area) and VII (47%). There are also the most susceptile areas (LS > 0.95). The sensitivity analysis implemented in the module showed that among the thematic layers used for modelling the slopes, convergence index, distance from tectonic discontinuities and sub-Quaternary lithology have the greatest impact on the landslide susceptibility.

World War, the importance of landslide research becomes more and more important following each landslide catastrophic event. Since 2008, the research on landslide and mass movements has been carried out systematically at the PGI within the SOPO (Landslide Counteracting System) project framework. Since that time, the SOPO project has been developing from landslide mapping and recording into a large spatial database, a sophisticated monitoring system (including on-line data acquisition) and susceptibility analysis, and early warnings with prediction capabilities. SOPO plays an important role to local and national administration. Together with the legal component, it allows defining a strategy for landslide risk reduction in Poland. Recently, landslide research plays so important role at the PGI that a special department, called Geohazard Center, has been established within the PGI organizational structure.