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1

Flexible scopes of accreditation at the Conformity Assessment Body and Testing Laboratories

Zając Romana, Nordin Victor

Mining Machines

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2021

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no. 1

55-63

EN

An accreditation of testing laboratory as well as of the certifying body of products is always based on the fixed scope of accreditation which precisely and explicitly establishes the activity area of these units. As the time was passing, it was noticed that the fixed scope of accreditation is so restrictive that it limits an application of new methods, which could be added to the laboratory scope of accreditation and in the case if the certifying activity makes a product assessment, based on the latest editions of standards and legal regulations, impossible. In 2008, the above mentioned organizations, obtained a possibility to react to customers` needs through modifying or including additional activities to their scope of accreditation without a necessity of informing the supervisory body each time. This possibility resulted from the fact that competences of these organizations had been assessed by the supervisory bodies before. In both cases a possibility of applying the flexible scope of accreditation caused an increased responsibility of the organization due to a necessity of the system maintenance, which could control the changes. At present the flexible scope of accreditation is more and more commonly applied because it gives measurable benefits to all the accredited bodies – it enables a quick reaction to customers` expectations and it creates possibility of applying new methods. The article presents possibilities of applying flexibility in the accreditation of the laboratories and certifying bodies of products, based on the example of the KOMAG Institute.

PL

Akredytacja laboratorium badawczego, jak również jednostki certyfikującej wyroby, zawsze oparta jest na stałym zakresie akredytacji, który precyzyjnie i jednoznaczne ustala obszar działania tych jednostek. Z upływem czasu zauważono, że stały zakres akredytacji jest na tyle restrykcyjny, że ogranicza nowe metody, które mogłyby zostać dodane do zakresu akredytacji laboratorium, a w przypadku działalności certyfikacyjnej uniemożliwia ocenę wyrobu w oparciu o najnowsze wydania norm lub przepisów prawa. W 2008 roku umożliwiono wspomnianym jednostkom, reagowanie na potrzeby klientów poprzez modyfikowanie lub włączanie dodatkowych działań do swojego zakresu akredytacji bez konieczności każdorazowego informowania jednostki nadzorującej. Możliwość ta wynikała z faktu, że kompetencje tych jednostek zostały już wcześniej ocenione przez jednostki nadzorujące. W obu przypadkach możliwość zastosowania elastycznego zakresu spowodowała większą odpowiedzialność jednostek z uwagi na konieczność utrzymania systemu, który mógł kontrolować zmiany. Obecnie elastyczny zakres akredytacji jest coraz powszechniej stosowany, gdyż przynosi wymierne korzyści wszystkim podmiotom akredytowanym - umożliwia szybką reakcję na oczekiwania klientów i stwarza możliwość zastosowania nowych metod. Artykuł przedstawia możliwości, zastosowania elastyczności w akredytacji laboratoriów oraz jednostek certyfikujących wyroby na przykładzie Instytutu KOMAG.

2

Rating of the Activities of Urban Transport Policy in the Context of Sustainable Development

Nordin Victor, Kharitoshkin Nikolai, Czerwińska-Lubszczyk Agnieszka

New Trends in Production Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

355--366

EN

The growing number of cars cities is worsening the quality of life of our citizens, aggravating their problems with mobility, social inequality, health and ecology. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals implies carrying out measures aimed at reducing the impact of urban transport systems in three interrelated directions. The aim of this chapter is describe the conditions and measures to reduce the negative impact of these problems combined into transport policy measures in two ways. The method of expert assessments allowed to rank these activities in order to establish the sequence of their implementation in cities in order to bring their state closer to the “livable city”.

3

Technological Forecasting of Deformations in Flat Parts

Ivanova Tatiana N., Biały Witold, Fries Jiri, Nordin Victor

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2020

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Vol. 3, Iss. 1

1--12

EN

The deformation of a part occurring in the process of grinding directly influences its exploitation and quality parameters. The instability of shape and size, which occurs due to an imbalance of residual stress, can be the one of the major causes of deformation of a part. The decrease in stress slows down the deformation process. Considering the regularities of heat source intensity dependence on the grinding modes, it can be asserted that with increasing grinding depth and grinding wheel hardness, the value increases and it decreases with a growth in a speed of the part and the use of cooling. The higher the heat removal is and the better lubricant properties of the liquid are, the more significant the decrease in is. Changing these values allows regulation of the residual stresses. As a result of the research on determination of deformations, it is recommended to reduce thermal deformations by considering the geometric size of a plate to be machined, linear expansion coefficient of plate material and an allowance for nonflatness from thermal deformations. The value of nonflatness from thermal deformations is directly proportional to linear expansion coefficient of plate material and its square overall dimensions. At the same time, the value of nonflatness is inversely proportional to the plate thickness.

4

Primenenie metodov marketinga dlâ povyšeniâ èffektivnosti kommerčeskogo predpriâtiâ

Ditman T., Nordin Victor

Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji

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2019

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Vol. 8, iss. 2

32--45

EN

The article analyzes the range of production and commercial enterprises using the methods of ABC, XYZ – analysis. To identify more profitable positions and measures to increase profits, the commodity positions of the enterprise are ranked. The analysis of marketing directions using the method of paired comparisons in order to identify the most effective of them to promote products and ranking the order of application, as well as the distribution of resources between them. An assessment of the price risk of the goods, with which it was revealed the projected value of the income of the enterprise in the sale of goods. Risk assessment is made for further development of the marketing strategy of the enterprise.

5

Improvement of grinding technology with vortex cooling of steels that are liable to crack propagation

Ivanova Tatiana Nikolaevna, Biały Witold, Nordin Victor

Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering

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2019

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Vol. 2, Iss. 1

9--23

EN

Complexity of grinding process and phenomena entailing it not always allow reaching required technological results, especially while machining surfaces of parts made of tough-to-machine steels, which are liable to crack propagation. Cracks can occur in these parts during grinding due to considerable temperature difference along the section, which can cause formation of high temporary internal tensile stress. Application of cooled air in grinding process exerts considerable influence over temperature decrease in cutting area. In addition, it depends not only on heat exchange, but also on properties of cold air flow. The greatest effect of temperature decrease can be reached by injection of cold air flow in cutting area with implementation of vortex effect, which occurs in swirl flow of compressed air originating in vortex tube. The study of heat generation during machining by tools with discontinuous cutting surface and vortex air cooling was carried out. Obtained thermophysical parameters of vortex air cooling (increase in speed of stream flowing, expansion degree, share of cold stream and decrease in humidity of air stream) allow reducing heat density due to growth of cooling effect in grinding zone. On the base of experimental studies we developed recommendations for choice of optimal grinding modes by tool with discontinuous cutting surface and vortex air cooling of flat parts made of steels being liable to cracking.