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1

Weed Infestation and Yielding of Potato Under Conditions of Varied Use of Herbicides and Bio-Stimulants

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Dołęga H., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 4

191--196

EN

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of applied herbicides and growth regulators on the airborne limitation of dry weed mass and the total yield of three edible potato varieties. The field experiment was established as two-factor in a (split-plot) system in three replications. The experiment examined: I factor – three moderately early varieties of edible potato: Bartek, Gawin, Honorata. II factor – five ways of using herbicides and bio-stimulants: 1. control object: mechanical care 2. Harrier 295 ZC herbicide at a dose of 2.0 dm3·ha-1, 3. Harrier 295 ZC herbicide at a dose of 2.0 dm3·ha-1 and then after the plant rises the Kelpak SL bioregulator twice at a dose of 2.0 dm3·ha-1, 4. Sencor 70 WG herbicide at a dose of 1.0 kg·ha-1, 5. Sencor 70 WG herbicide and then after the plant rises the Asahi SL bio-stimulant twice at a dose of 1.0 dm3·ha-1. The obtained test results showed that the smallest dry weed mass determined in both research dates was obtained using Harrier 295 ZC herbicide and Kelpak SL growth bio-stimulant (0.7 g·m-2 and 3.1 g·m-2), while the largest in the control object (15.1 and 64.7 g·m-2), respectively. The total yield of potato tubers depended on both the types of herbicides and bio-stimulants used and the varieties cultivated in the experiment. However, the weather conditions which varied in particular years significantly influenced both the size of the air-dried mass of weeds and the total yield of potato tubers.

2

The Impact of the UGmax Soil Fertilizer on the Presence of Streptomyces Scabies on Edible Potato Tubers

Baranowska A., Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 3

68--73

EN

The purpose of the three-year-long field experiment was to identify the effect of the UGmax soil fertilizer (microbiological preparation) on the presence of Streptomyces scabies on tubers of two edible potato cultivars. The experiment was established using the randomized split-block method, in three replications, in central Poland (52°03’N; 22°3’E), on the soil consisting of loamy sands, slightly acidic and acidic. The examined factors included: 1st factor: edible potato cultivars (Satina and Typhoon), 2nd factor: doses and dates of application of the UGmax soil fertilizer (1. control object without UGmax; 2. UGmax applied to soil before planting tubers at a dose of 1.0 dm3∙ha-1; 3. UGmax applied to soil before planting tubers at a dose of 0.5 dm3∙ha-1, when the height of plants is about 10–15 cm, and in the flower buds making phase at a dose of 0.25 dm3∙ha-1; 4. UGmax before planting tubers at a dose of 1.0 dm3∙ha-1 and when the height of plants is about 10–15 cm, and in the flower buds making phase at a dose of 0.5 dm3∙ha-1; 5. UGmax when the height of plants is about 10–15 cm, and in the flower buds making phase at a dose of 0.5 dm3∙ha-1). Symptoms of common scab were assessed on a 9-point scale on 100 tubers randomly collected from different experiment objects. As a result of the study, it was demonstrated that treatments with the use of the UGmax soil fertilizer limited the occurrence of common scab on potato tubers and affected the average level of infestation of the sample and the average level of infestation of infested tubers.

3

The Effect of Biostimulators on the Tastiness and Darkening of the Pulp of Raw and Cooked Potato Tubers

Mystkowska I., Baranowska A., Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2018

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Vol. 19, nr 5

116--121

EN

Field experiments were carried out in 2015–2017 with the use of bio-stimulators on an individual farm in Międzyrzec Podlaski. The experiment was based on a random split-plot method. The influence of two first factors was examined. The primary factor included three varieties of edible potato: Honorata, Jelly, Tajfun, and the secondary factor involved five ways of using bio-stimulators: Kelpak SL, Titanit, Green Ok, Brunatne Bio Złoto Cytokinin. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of bio-stimulators on the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw and cooked tubers after 10 minutes. The effectiveness of the application of individual bio-stimulators in the cultivation of edible potato varieties: Honorata, Jelly and Tajfun was compared with the control object (without using bio-stimulators) sprayed with water. The methods of using bio-stimulators did not change the tastiness and darkening of the pulp of raw tubers, but they had a significant impact on the darkening of the pulp of the cooked tubers. The raw and cooked pulp of the Honorata variety darkened the least, and the Jelly variety turned out to be the tastiest, scoring 8.0 points on a scale of 1–9 compared to the remaining varieties.

4

The Impact of Agrotechnical Factors on Fresh and Dry Matter of Oilseed Rape

Sikorska A., Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Kapela K., Mystkowska I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 3

174--179

EN

The field experiment was conducted in the years of 2013–2016 at the Agricultural Experimental Station – Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set in the split-split-plot system in three repetitions. The studied factors were: I – three varieties of oilseed rape: Monolit (population variety), PR 44D06 (hybrid restored variety with a semi dwarf growth type), PT 205 (hybrid restored variety with a traditional growth type). II – two ways of sowing: 22.5 cm spacing (row sowing – density of sowing 60 seeds per 1 m-2), 45.0 cm spacing (point sowing – density of sowing 40 seeds per 1 m-2). III – four types of bio-stimulators used: the control object (without the use of bio-stimulators), Tytanit® bio-stimulator, Asahi®SL bio-stimulator, Silvit® bio-stimulator. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of the types of used bio-stimulators and the way of sowing on the fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) of three varieties of winter oilseed rape. The fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of rosette and the fresh and dry mass of the root system depended significantly on the genetic factor, types of used bio-stimulators and atmospheric conditions prevailing in the individual years of research. From the cultivated varieties, the largest fresh and dry mass of the aboveground part of 1 rosette (on average of 33.3 g and 6.34 g) and the fresh and dry mass of the root system of 1 plant (an average of 7.97g and 2.30 g) characterised the population morphotype – Monolit. Types of the bio-stimulators used significantly impact the increased values of these characteristics. The greatest fresh and dry mass of plants (rosette, root) was noted on object 3, on which the Asahi SL bio-stimulator was used.

5

Contents of Zinc, Copper and Manganese in Potato Tubers Depending on the Ways of Application of the Soil Fertilizer UGmax

Baranowska A., Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 18, nr 1

99--106

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of the soil fertilizer UGmax on zinc, copper and manganese contents in potato tubers. A three – year field experiment was carried out on soil which belonged to a very good rye complex. The experiment was established according to randomized split-plot method, in three replications. The following factors were examined: factor I: edible potato varieties (Satina and Typhoon), and factor II: doses and timing of UGmax application. As a result of conducted research, significantly smaller copper content in potato tubers was found, after usage of the soil preparation UGmax, in comparison with a control object, while zinc and manganese content continued to show only a downward trend. The influence of weather conditions and potato varieties on the copper cumulation in the dry mass of potato tuber was proved. An important influence of the factors of the experiment on the uptake of researched macroelements with the potato tuber yield was also shown.

6

The Impact of Methods of Care on the Content and Collection of Zinc and Copper With the Yield of Potato Tubers

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Sikorska A., Dołęga H., Kapela K., Krasnodębska E.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 4

289--294

EN

The field experiment was conducted in the years of 2012–2014 in the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The two factor experiment was set up in the split-plot system in triplicate. The investigated factors were: I – three varieties of edible potato: Bartek, Gawin and Honorata. II – five ways of care: 1. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC – 2.0 dm3·ha-1; 2. Harrier herbicide 295 ZC – 2.0 dm3·ha-1 with the biostimulator Kelpak SL – 4.0 dm3·ha-1; 3. Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1; 4. Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1 with the biostimulator Asahi SL – 1.5 dm3·ha-1; 5. The control object – mechanical care. The content of zinc and copper and their collection with the yield of tubers significantly depended on the ways of care, genetic factor and climatic conditions in the years of the study. In the objects (2, 4) where herbicides were used with biostimulators, a greater concentration of zinc was obtained in relation to the control object and the remaining (3, 5) in which only herbicides were used. The applied care methods did not affect the content of copper in the analysed tubers. The greatest collection of zinc an copper with the yield of tubers was obtained in the objects: where the mixture of the Sencor herbicide 70 WG – 1.0 kg·ha-1 was used with the biostimulator Asahi SL – 1.5 dm3-1 and herbicide Sencor 70 WG in a dose of – 1.0 kg ·ha-1.

7

Seasonal Changes In Selected Indicators of Water Quality of the Łydynia River

Gugała M., Sikorska A., Kapela K., Zarzecka K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

149--153

EN

The objective of the research was to compare seasonal changes in selected indicators of water quality of the Łydynia river against Regulation of the Minister of Environment of 9 November 2011 on classification method for waterbody of surface waters and environmental quality standards for priority substances (Dz. U. [Journal of Laws] 2011, No. 257, item 1545). Water samples were taken in Ciechanów in the spring and autumn from 2009 to 2011. Water pH, specific conductance and calcium ion (Ca2+) and magnesium ion (Mg2+) concentrations were determined as part of physical and chemical analysis. The study results were compared with the limit values of water quality indicators established in annex no. 1 for the aforementioned regulation. The water quality of the Łydynia river was found to be class I water (class I being the highest purity class). Additionally, colour and turbidity (the parameters not included in the aforementioned regulation) were determined in water samples.

8

Impact of Herbicides on Consumption Characters of Potato Tubers

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Krasnodębska E., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 2

153--156

EN

The aim of the undertaken studies was to determine the effect of the herbicides used in the experiment on important features of the consumption values of three varieties of edible potato. Test results come from a field experiment conducted in 2007–2010. The experiment was established as two-factor in the split-plot system in three repetitions. Two factors were tested in the experiment: factor I - potato varieties: Satina, Tajfun, Cekin; factor II – five methods of weed control. Darkening of the pulp of cooked tubers after 10 min, 2 and 24 hours shape the ways of weed control of the plantation and the genotype of the grown varieties. The use of herbicides in 2–5 variants has significantly increased the darkening of the pulp. The Tajfun variation darkened to the lowest degree, and Cekin to the largest degree.

9

Efficacy of Herbicides in Potato Crop

Baranowska A., Mystkowska I., Zarzecka K., Gugała M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 1

82--88

EN

The experiment was conducted on slightly acidic soil classified as very good rye complex. The aim of the study was to assess the impact of plant–care procedures with the use of herbicides and their mixtures on the number and weed species composition in the field of three edible potato cultivars: Satina, Tajfun and Cekin. The weed infestation was determined at two dates: before the row closure and before tuber harvest. The most effective in decrease of weed infestation, before the row closure as well as before the harvesting of the tubers, appeared to be variations in which herbicides mixtures were used: Command 480 EC 0.2 l ha-1 + Dispersive Afalon 450 SC 1.0 l ha-1 and Stomp 400 SC 3.5 l ha-1 + Dispersive Afalon 450 SC 1.0 l ha-1. According to the conducted researches, the potato cultivars did not have significant effect on weed infestation marked at the beginning and at the end of vegetation.

10

Effect of Some Herbicides Application on Nitrates (V) Content in Potato Tubers

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Dołęga H., Mystkowska I., Baranowska A., Sikorska A., Głuszczak B.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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Vol. 17, nr 3

198--202

EN

A field experiment was carried out in the Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady (52°03’ N; 22°33’E), owned by the Siedlce University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in 2005–2007. The research was designed as a two factors randomized block with three replicates. The factors examined in the experiment included two potato varieties – Irga and Balbina and four weed control methods combined mechanical and chemical for herbicides application: Plateen 41,5 WG (metribuzin + flufenacet), Racer 250 EC (fluorochloridone), Sencor 70 WG (metribuzin), and control object – mechanical weeding before and after potato sprouting. The study was designed to test the influence of weed control methods on nitrates content in consumption potato tubers. The nitrates (V) content depended on the weed control methods, varieties and weather conditions throughout the growing season. The highest nitrates (V) content was determined when weeds were controlled mechanically and chemically using Sencor 70 WG. The study results demonstrated that Balbina had a higher concentration of nitrates (V) compared with Irga.

11

Wastewater management in food processing enterprises – a case study of the Ciechanów dairy cooperative

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 1

178--183

EN

The paper reports on wastewater management in food processing enterprises, using the Ciechanów Dairy Cooperative as an example. The efficiency of preliminary treatment of wastewater entering the municipal sewerage system was evaluated using basic pollution indices for wastewater pre-treated in the process of chemical neutralisation as well as results of physical and chemical analyses of raw wastewater from fromage fraise and cottage cheese production lines. The number of exceedances of permissible values of pollution indices in pre-treated wastewater was determined based on values set in the water legal permits issued by the relevant authority. Pretreated wastewater entering the municipal sewerage system met the standards for permissible wastewater pollution indicators excluding BOD5 (biochemical oxygen demand) and COD (chemical oxygen demand). Physical and chemical analysis was performed of total raw wastewater and wastewater discharged from fromage fraise and cottage cheese production lines. Pollution indicators (COD, total nitrogen, orthophosphates, total suspensions, fats, pH) had high values but they remained within the ranges typical for dairy food processing.

12

The Effect of Agrotechnical Factors on the Potassium Content and its Removal by Potato Tubers

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I., Sikorska A., Baranowska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 4

180--184

EN

A 3-year field experiment covered two methods of soil tillage, conventional and sim-plified, as well as the following herbicide options: Plateen 41,5 WG, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Plateen 41,5 WG + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC, Barox 460 SL, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC, Barox 460 SL + Fusilade Forte 150 EC + adjuvant Atpolan 80 EC and control object – mechanical weeding. Potassium content and its removal by potato tubers significantly depended on soil tillage methods, weed control methods and research years. More potassium was contained in tubers harvested from conventional tillage compared with the re-duced tillage. Herbicides applied in the potato field significantly decreased potassium content in tubers compared with the control object. Simplifications of soil tillage de-creased potassium accumulation in potato tubers compared with the conventional till-age. Significant changes were also observed in content of potassium and its removal by 1 tonne tubers between the experimental years.

13

Chemical composition of edible potato tubers in retail outlets in east-central Poland

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I., Zarzecka M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 1

57--61

EN

The work was an attempt to determine and describe certain quality characteristics of edible potato on sale in Siedlce and Międzyrzec Podlaski. Potato tubers for examination were purchased in 3 kinds of retail outlets (ten shops of each kind) in east-central Poland. A total of 90 samples were collected to determine tuber size, protein and vitamin C content, reducing sugars and sucrose content. Potatoes purchased in all kinds of outlets met the standards set for tuber size. Potatoes bought in supermarkets had a better chemical composition than tubers purchased in groceries or fruit and vegetable shops. All the potato tubers were a good staple.

14

Changes in the Content of Total Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium In Potato Tubers Under the Influence of the use of Herbicides

Gugała M., Sikorska A., Zarzecka K., Kapela K.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 5

82--86

EN

A field experiment was conducted in the years 2005–2007 in RSD in Zawady belonging to the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce. The experiment was set in the split – plot system in three repetitions. The investigated factors were: I – edible potato varieties - Irga and Balbina. II – four ways of mechanical cultivation – three using herbicides: Plateen 41.5 WG, Racer 250 EC, Sencor 70 WG and without herbicides (control object). The aim of the studies was to determine the effect of herbicides on the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in tubers of two varieties of the edible potato. The mechanical-chemical care applied in the experiment contributed to the increase in the content of total nitrogen and lowering of phosphorus and potassium compared to the only mechanical care. The Irga variety was characterised by a significantly higher content of total nitrogen (average – 15.84 g·kg-1) and phosphorus (average – 3.526 g·kg-1), while the Balbina variety had a higher content of potassium – average 25.28 g·kg-1. Climatic conditions in particular growing seasons had a significant impact on the content of total nitrogen and potassium in edible potato tubers.

15

Analysis of Energy Consumption in the Facilities of the Ciechanów Dairy Cooperative

Gugała M., Zarzecka K., Kapela K., Sikorska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2015

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Vol. 16, nr 3

139--142

EN

The work presents the analysis of electric energy consumption in individual buildings of the Ciechanów Dairy Cooperative in 2011. The plant includes a cool storage facility, a boiler house, a compression room and CIP (Cleaning In Place) stations. The plant manufactures liquid milk, cream, cheese, cottage cheese, cream cheese, butter and yoghurts. In 2011, the total electric energy consumption in the Cechanów Dairy Cooperative was 873114.0 kWh. The highest energy consumption (556430.0 kWh0 was recorded for the cooler (63.7% of total consumption) and the lowest for CIP stations (33084.0 kWh). The average electric energy consumption in the Cooperative plant was 72759.5 kWh, the highest (104800.6 kWh) in November and the lowest (40000.6 kWh) in March.

16

Ocena jakości morfologicznej i kulinarnej bulw ziemniaka jadalnego pochodzącego z regionu środkowo-wschodniej Polski

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I., Zarzecka M.

Proceedings of ECOpole

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2014

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Vol. 8, No. 1

326--330

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki badań dotyczące wybranych cech morfologicznych (procentowy udział bulw jadalnych, regularność kształtu bulw, wygląd skórki) i kulinarnych (ciemnienie miąższu bulw surowych i ugotowanych, typ kulinarno-użytkowy) bulw ziemniaka pochodzącego z sieci handlowej środkowo-wschodniej Polski. Lepszymi cechami morfologicznymi i mniejszym ciemnieniem miąższu bulw surowych odznaczały się bulwy pochodzące z supermarketów niż ze sklepów spożywczych i owocowo-warzywnych. Bulwy spełniały podstawowe wymagania jakości konsumpcyjnej ziemniaka jadalnego.

EN

The paper presents the results of a study carried out to examine selected morphological (percentage share of tubers suitable for consumption, regularity of tuber shape, skin appearance) and cooking (raw flesh darkening, after-cooking darkening, cooking type) characteristics of potato tubers offered for sale in retail outlets in central-eastern Poland. Tubers purchased in supermarkets had better morphological characteristics and flesh which darkened less when raw, compared with grocery shops or fruit and vegetable crops. The tubers met basic requirements set for edible potato.

17

Content and uptake of selected trace elements by weeds in potato to cultivation under different conditions of soil tillage and weed control methods

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Baranowska A.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2014

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Vol. 15, nr 4

131--136

EN

The study utilized data from a field experiment carried out at the Experimental Station in Zawady owned by the University of Natural Sciences and Humanities in Siedlce in the years 2005–2007. The experimental factors included two soil tillage systems and seven weed control methods in potato. Iron, copper and zinc in weeds were deter- mined with the AAS method. The trace element content in weed dry matter before row closure of potato depended significantly on soil tillage methods (excluding Cu), weed control methods and weather conditions, and, prior to tuber harvest, on soil tillage and weather conditions during the growing season. The uptake of Fe, Cu, and Zn by weeds from the area of 1 hectare depended on the experimental factors, weed biomass and weed chemical composition.

18

Performance of one potato plant as influenced by soil conditioner UGmax

Zarzecka K., Gugała M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2013

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Vol. 14, nr 4

45--49

EN

Studies were carried out over the years 2008-2010 to determine the effect of Soil Conditioner UGmax on unit performance, that is potato tuber weight and number per one plant and average weight of one tuber. An experiment included two factors: I – two edible potato cultivars (Satina and Tajfun), II – five UGmax application methods (1. control without UGmax, 2. UGmax applied prior to tuber planting at the rate of 1.0 dm3 ha-1 , 3. UGmax applied prior to tuber planting at the rate of 0.5 dm3 ha-1 followed by two foliar applications at the rate of 0.25 dm3 ha-1, 4. UGmax applied prior to tuber planting at the rate of 1,0 dm3 ha-1 followed by two foliar applications at the rate of 0.5 dm3 ha-1, 5. two foliar applications of UGmax at the rate of 0.5 dm3 ha-1). Samples, consisting of tubers of 10 potato plants, were taken to determine the performance of one plant. The Soil Fertilise UGmax increased the weight of tubers per plant and the average weight of one tuber compared with the control. Moreover, the potato cultivars and weather conditions during the growing season significantly influenced the above-mentioned parameters.

19

Plonotwórcze działanie użyźniacza glebowego ugmax w uprawie ziemniaka

Zarzecka K., Gugała M.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2012

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Nr 28

144-148

PL

Badania polowe przeprowadzono w latach 2009-2010. Doświadczenie założono metodą losowanych podbloków, w trzech powtórzeniach, jako dwuczynnikowe. Celem podjętych badan było określenie wpływu Użyźniacza Glebowego UGmax na plon ogólny, plon handlowy i plon bulw dużych dwóch odmian ziemniaka jadalnego. Po zastosowaniu Użyźniacza Glebowego UGmax, w porównaniu z obiektem kontrolnym, uzyskano średni wzrost plonów o 30-47,9%.

EN

A field experiment was carried out in the years 2009-2010. The experiment was designed randomized block with three replicates as a two-factors. The research was aimed at determining the effect of soil fertilizer UGmax on the total yield, marketable yield and large tubers yield of two cultivars potato. After the use of fertilizer UGmax, the yields of potato tubers increased by 30.0-47.9% comparing to control object.

20

Effect of Agricultural Treatments on the Content of Total and Protein Nitrogen in Potato Tubers

Zarzecka K., Gugała M., Mystkowska I.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2009

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Vol. 16, nr 8

1065-1070

EN

The research was conducted in the years 2002-2004 in Agricultural Experimental Station Zawady. The experiment was set on the soil of the rye very good complex in three replications. The aim of the present paper was to determine the effect of soil tillage and weed control methods using herbicides on the content of total nitrogen and protein nitrogen in the edible potato tubers. The weeding chemical agents used in the potato treatment increased the total nitrogen content and protein nitrogen content in the tubers, as compared with the control. The statistical analysis also revealed a significant effect of the soil tillage and meteorological conditions over the experimental years on the parameters investigated.

PL

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2002-2004 w Rolniczej Stacji Doświadczalnej Zawady. Doświadczenie założono na glebie kompleksu żytniego bardzo dobrego w trzech powtórzeniach. Celem pracy było określenie wpływu sposobów uprawy roli i sposobów odchwaszczania z zastosowaniem herbicydów na zawartość azotu ogólnego i białkowego w bulwach ziemniaka jadalnego. Chemiczne środki chwastobójcze zastosowane w pielęgnacji ziemniaka znacznie zwiększały zawartość azotu ogólnego i białkowego w porównaniu do bulw z obiektu kontrolnego. Analiza statystyczna wykazała również znaczny wpływ sposobów uprawy roli i warunków meteorologicznych w latach prowadzenia badań na omawiane cechy.