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EN
The regional subdivisions of major structural complexes distinguished in the Polish territory have been systematically corrected and updated parallel with accumulation of new geological and geophysical data. Regional units are established not only basing on their tectonic characteristics but also on other criteria including sedimentary and subsidence development, magmatism, metamorphism and crustal structure. In future, new units should be defined and older ones redefined in a possibly objective, descriptive way. However, the interpretative approach is unavoidable particularly when older, largely concealed structural complexes are concerned. Therefore, the establishment of formal criteria and "official"regional subdivisions analogous to formal stratigraphic units, seems inappropriate. Proposed schemes or modifications of previous subdivisions will serve as consistent and clear regional reference framework in geological and geophysical studies if they will meet few basic methodological and terminological requirements. Among the most important prerequisites is a clear definition of boundaries of particular units against most recent solid geological maps in a scale of 1:1 000 000 or larger. In accordance with the outlined guidelines the authors' version of the regional framework of Polish sub-Cenozoic and sub-Permian (Variscan) geological units is presented. The subdivisions are based on the modified scheme published by Dadlez (1998) and that by Narkiewicz (2007), respectively. We did not attempt to present a pre-Variscan (Caledonian) regional framework, except for the stable area of the East European Platform devoid of the Devonian-Carboniferous cover. Given the present state of research, such subdivision would be very speculative, reflecting only one of several possible interpretative variants of the Polish Lowlands deep structure.
EN
In the area of the Polish Basin five deep seismic sounding profiles, recorded during 1991–1997, were used to compare the structure of the crystalline and consolidated crusts with that of the sedimentary cover. Repeated reactivation of deep crustal fractures controlled the thickness distribution and development of faults in Palaeozoic andMesozoic sequences.NW–SE toWNW–ESE basin-parallel and transverse N–S to NE–SW striking fracture systems are evident. The former includes the isseyre–Tornquist Zone that marks the profound crustal boundary between the East European Craton and the typical Trans-European Suture Zone (TESZ) crust that is characterized by a variably thick consolidated upper crustal layer, composed of Caledonian-deformed Early Palaeozoic and possibly Vendian sediments, and defines the NE boundary of the Permian and Mesozoic Mid-Polish Trough (MPT). Its northwestern TTZ segment was intermittently active throughout the whole geological history of the area. The SW boundary of the TESZ, marked by the Dolsk Fault across which the consolidated crustal layer is replaced by a crystalline Variscan upper crust, is only evident on profiles LT-7 and P4. The deformation front of the Variscan Externides is located some 100 km to the NE of the Dolsk Fault within the confines of the TESZ crust. On profiles TTZ-PL and P2, significant lateral changes in the thickness of the consolidated and crystalline crust of the Pomeranian, Kuiavian and Holy Cross Mts. segments of the MPT are noted that coincide with the transverse Bydgoszcz-Poznań-Toruń and Grójec fault zones. These crustal changes are associated with substantial changes in the composition and thickness of supracrustal sedimentary sequences and the degree of inversion of the MPT.
EN
The Mid-Polish Swell (MPS), uplifted in the latest Cretaceous-earliest Tertiary at the site of the earlier Permian-Mesozoic Mid-Polish Trough (MPT), is adjoined to the south-west by a chain of salt diapirs which are probably underlain by a system of late Variscan deep faults in the pre-Zechstein basement. The Mesozoic reactivation of this system is responsible for the rapid thickness increase towards the axis of theMPT. Consequently, it may be regarded as the southwestern boundary of the MPT. During the phase of inversion, this system caused the mobilization of the Zechstein salt, the formation of the chain of diapirs and also (indirectly) the uplift of the regional unit of the MPS.
5
Content available Mesozoic thickness pattern in the Mid-Polish Trough
EN
The Mid-Polish Trough (MPT) is well recorded in the distribution of thickness of the Mesozoic sediments. Its shape was most distinctly delineated in the Early Triassic, and Early to Middle Jurassic, when thickness gradients attaining 100 m/km were reached. However, because the regional faults bordering the MPT were not active throughout its history, the existence of Mid-Polish Rift has not been confirmed. The strongest thickness gradients may have been caused by the periodical activity of the sub-Zechstein faults, which did not penetrate the Mesozoic strata due to the damping effect of plastic Zechstein salts. On the contrary, local faults, forming (mainly during the Late Triassic) syn-sedimentary grabens, are a common feature in the MPT and its surroundings. Transversal subdivision of the MPT and its slopes into at least two segments (Pomeranian and Kuiavian) is clearly visible in the thickness pattern. It is expressed by the presence of separate depocentres, reversal of asymmetry, differences in stratigraphical sequences observed on the palaeomorphological terraces south-west of the MPT, and by the structural variations after the inversion. The scale of inversion, which transformed the MPT into the Mid-Polish Swell (MPS), is unclear and needs further investigations. Estimation of the thickness of the Upper Cretaceous sediments removed by erosion is a key problem in this respect. It should take into account both, the effects of the regional inversion and the local changes resulting from the last stage of strong salt displacements.
EN
At the start of international seismic experiment CELEBRATION 2000 an attempt at the compilation of the present geophysical and geological data in the Holy Cross Mountains and their surroundings has been made. Five geological units of the first order and four their dividing fault zones have been distinguished in the area studied: uplifted part of the Precambrian Craton (A), Lublin Unit (B), Radom-Łysogóry Unit (C), Kielce-Nida Unit (D), and Upper Silesian Massif (E). They are separated by fault zones: Kock Fault Zone (1) between A and B, Kazimierz Fault Zone (2) between B and C, Holy Cross Fault (3) between C and D, Cracow-Lubliniec Fold Zone (4) between D and E. The first and last units bordering the area are not discussed in this paper. Units B and C are built on the cratonic crust up to 54 km thick. Unit C is composed of poorly correlated mosaic of crustal blocks with crust 35-45 km thick. Fault zones 1 and 3 coincide with crustal fractures while zone 2 has not its counterpart in crustal structure.
EN
The results of a half-century investigations of the Pomerania-Rügen Caledonides are reviewed. Fifty years ago there were two rival hypotheses based exclusively on analyses of gravity and magnetic data. One of them assumed the presence of the so-called Circum-Fennosarmatian Caledonides, the second one claimed that the Precambrian craton of the eastern Europe extends far to the west reaching northern Germany and Pomerania. As time passed, more new facts from boreholes and seismic refraction and reflection studies accumulated. New hypotheses appeared, namely the concepts of an aulacogen and a major strike-slip fault, now merely of a historical importance. In spite of the new data the principal dilemma remains the same until present. Some investigators believe that the East European Craton (Baltica) extends far to the south-west reaching the Elbe-Odra Line, others assume the presence of the Caledonian deformations in Rügen and Pomerania which are regarded - according to modern concepts - as a manifestation of terrane tectonics. The latter group of hypotheses is supplemented by the author with the model of proximal terranes detached from the craton margin farther to the south-east and then re-accreted. The hypothesis is based on an analysis of differences in crustal structure in northern Germany and western Poland, and on the concept of a counter-clockwise rotation of Baltica during the Ordovician, proved by palaeomagnetic data.
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