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1 2025

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Nowe materiały funkcjonalne w konstrukcji czujników potencjometrycznych typu solid contact

Pietrzak Karolina, Wardak Cecylia

Wiadomości Chemiczne

2025

[Z] 79, 1-2

83--97

Among all kinds of ion-selective electrodes, those with solid contact (SC-ISEs) are currently particularly popular. The elimination of the internal solution significantly improved electrical parameters and also enabled miniaturization, storage and transport of the sensors. However, not all active substances and electroactive materials can be successfully used to prepare these electrodes. The first of them must ensure, among other things, sufficient selectivity of the sensors towards the determined ion in the presence of other accompanying ions, while the second – good stability and reversibility of the potential. Therefore, new functional materials are constantly needed to obtain better and better potentiometric sensors, which can also be used in multi-sensor platforms for comprehensive determination of ion content directly in the in situ environment. This article is devoted to the topic of new functional materials that can be used to improve the operation of potentiometric sensors and expand the scope of their applications. All described electrodes were constructed as part of scientific research conducted during the doctoral studies of the author. Their main goal was to develop new ion-selective electrodes with solid contact with good analytical parameters and sensitive to selected ions (NO3-, Cl–, K+, Cu2+, UO22+), using new ionophores or electroactive materials for their construction. Many different sensors were constructed and tested, the design of which differed, among others, in the material of the internal electrode, the composition of the ion-selective membrane (qualitative and quantitative), and the type and method of using the solid contact material (as an intermediate layer or an additional component of the membrane). New materials were synthesized, their properties were tested using many different analytical methods and then used to prepare ion-selective electrodes. The values of the most important analytical parameters were determined for the obtained sensors and, on their basis, the influence of individual electrode modifications on their operation was determined. Using some of the obtained electrodes, the content of selected ions in natural samples was also analyzed, confirming that they can be used in practical analysis.