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2 2025

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The correlation between microplastics characteristics and sediment grain size to microplastics accumulation in coral reef sediment in Gede Island, Rembang, Indonesia

Widiaratih Rikha, Sulhana Baiq Lista Azkia, Putranto Ari Bawono, Maslukah Lilik, Ismanto Aris, Ayuningrum Diah, Hadibarata Tony, Satya Eridhani Dharma

Journal of Ecological Engineering

2025

Vol. 26, nr 3

200--212

In general, microplastics (MPs) have been identified at higher concentrations in marine sediments than in seawater. This is attributed to the trapping effect of sediments on MPs. MPs in the ocean undergo a sinking process, ultimately accumulating in marine sediments. MPs have been identified as a significant threat to marine biodiversity, particularly in coral reef habitats, due to their potential carcinogenic effects. This study examines the correlation between MPs characteristics – specifically, size and shape – and sediment grain size with MPs abundance in adjacent coral reef sediments in Rembang Regency, Central Java, Indonesia. To achieve this, Pearson’s correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) methods were employed. The findings indicate that most MPs are concentrated in nearshore regions near anthropogenic sources. Moreover, the correlation based on Pearsons was found to be particularly significant for MPs size, shape, and grain size, with values of 0.84, 0.754, and 0.431, respectively. The PCA result demonstrates that the greater the abundance of MPs in the sediment, particularly those that are MPs smaller in size and compact shape, such as fragments and pellets, the greater the likelihood of their sinking and infiltration into the sediment. This finding highlights the crucial role of MPs size and shape in tight relationship to their density in determining the rate of sinking and infiltration of MPs into the sediment

Experimental investigation on validation of the mini wave gauge for ocean wave measurements in comparison to an acoustic doppler current profiler and HOBO

Widiaratih Rikha, Putranto Ari Bawono, Maslukah Lilik, Wirasatriya Anindya, Satya Eridhani Dharma, Himawa Daenk

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2025

Vol. 26, iss. 1

187--200

The real-time monitoring of ocean wave data is a crucial element in marine environmental monitoring and the development of marine resources. It is unfortunate that the majority of wave measurement devices remain challenging, relatively high-priced, and require sophisticated technology. This study investigates the validation of a new type of ocean wave measurement, designed based on the Mini Wave Gauge (MWG), using low-cost materials. The study utilizes an accelerometer sensor, specifically the ADXL335, which is converted to measure wave height, and the GY-271 designed to measure wave direction. This research addresses the validation of MWG by comparing measurements from the Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and HOBO. The validation of wave height demonstrates high accuracy, with a MAPE percentage of 0.46% between MWG and ADCP, and 23.30% between MWG and HOBO. In contrast, the validation of MWG for wave direction by ADCP still requires improvement, with a MAPE of 36.75%. This is due to the sensor's sensitivity to the earth's magnetic field, which requires further improvement of the buoy design to accommodate the direction of incoming waves. Additionally, the MWG's sampling rate in milliseconds allows for analyzing wave characteristics based on wave periods using the Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) method.