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Reliable and redundant RTK positioning for applications in hard observational conditions

Bakuła M., Pelc-Mieczkowska R., Walawski M.

Artificial Satellites : Journal of Planetary Geodesy

2012

Vol. 47, No. 1

23--33

It is well known that RTK (Real Time Kinematic) positioning is a very efficient technique for determination of coordinates in real time, directly on location. Although this technique has been well known since the mid-nineties of the last century, the common use of this technique developed since permanent reference GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite Systems) stations started operating as the national reference systems. Positioning in real time is very convenient for users who do not need to know any advanced technique of post-processing, especially in cases when no obstructions exist around the measured point exist. However, in practice, there are some situations when the use of RTK technique makes some difficulties, especially if the GNSS receiver has no full availability of satellites. Obstructions caused by trees, buildings, power lines etc. limit satellite availability and in consequence decrease the reliability of determined coordinates significantly. In those situations gross errors of even meters can appear in RTK positioning. In order to avoid misleading coordinates occurring we can use more than one RTK receiver simultaneously. The paper presents an approach to the RTK technology based on the simultaneous use of three different RTK receivers. Three different GNSS/RTK receivers can be set on a special mounting beam and additionally RTK positions are sent in real time to a computer. The computer software analyses not only the precision but also checks the accuracy and reliability of the RTK positions determined. Consequently, the new approach to RTK survey presented can allow obtaining reliable coordinates of centimeter accuracy even under very severe forest conditions.

Integration of observer`s satellite position with numerical maps -OLMAP application

Bakuła M., Walawski M., Oszczak S.

Reports on Geodesy

2002

z. 1/61

253-259

In the paper the author`s application called OLMAP for determination of an observer position on numerical maps is presented. This application integrates GPS receiver`s position with numerical maps during the measurements in real-time taking advantage of DGPS and RTK techniques. One of the options of this application is positioning or/and monitoring of moving GPS antenna on a numerical map indicating the speed and direction of vehicle movement. Positions of moving GPS antenna may be obtaned with the accuracy of 1-2 meters in DGPS mode or 1-3 centimeters in the RTK mode. The OLMAP application can be also successfully used for Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and Land Information Systems (LIS).