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1
Content available remote Koncepcja wytwarzania tripolifosforanu sodu o podwyższonej gęstości nasypowej jako przykład czystszej produkcji
Gorazda K., Wzorek Z., Kijkowska R., Makara A., Banach M.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2016
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T. 95, nr 10
1866--1871
PL
Określono najkorzystniejsze parametry technologiczne wytwarzania tripolifosforanu sodu (TPFS) z wykorzystaniem półproduktów powstających w technologii otrzymywania TPFS. Przeanalizowano przemiany fazowe zachodzące podczas procesu temperaturowego, określono parametry jakościowe uzyskanych produktów oraz zoptymalizowano proces. Przeprowadzono również bilanse masowe i energetyczne procesu oraz porównano je z klasyczną metodą rozpyłowo-piecową w aspekcie założeń czystszej produkcji.
EN
Na₅P₃O₁₀ was sepd. from com. solns. of NaH₂PO₄ and Na₂HPO₄ by calcination at 350–550°C and subsequent crystn. at 400–450°C. The product showed d. 0.90–0.95 kg/L and met the std. requirements. A process flow-sheet was proposed. Neither by-products nor wastes were formed in the process.
2
Content available Dry single-stage method of sodium tripolyphosphate production – technological and economic assessment
Gorazda K., Kowalski Z., Kijkowska R., Pawłowska-Kozińska D., Wzorek Z., Banach M., Nowak A. K.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2014
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Vol. 16, nr 1
41--44
EN
The study presents a technology of sodium tripolyphosphate (STPP) production with the use of a dry, single-stage method. The reacting substrates (concentrated wet-process phosphoric acid - WPPA and solid Na2CO3 ) are mixed with a recycled final product (STPP) in a mixer, then a „quasi-dry” mixture is calcined in a rotary kiln. Thanks to that, some stages of a classic method of STPP production are eliminated: one of the two-stage neutralization of the phosphoric acid with sodium carbonate at temperature ~80°C, filtration of the neutralised solution and its evaporation, as well as the stage of drying a solution of mono- and di-sodium orthophosphate in a spray dryer. According to the presented technical and economical analysis, the costs of STPP production using a single-stage dry method can be 10% lower compared to the classic method.
3
Content available Analysis of sodium tripolyphosphate production processes with a cumulative calculation method
Kowalski Z., Kijkowska R., Gorazda K., Wzorek Z., Nowak A. K.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2010
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Vol. 12, nr 4
22-25
EN
Sodium tripolyphosphate – one of the condensed phosphates is an important ingredient in various types of cleaning substances and a food additive. The paper presents a comparison of different variants of STPP production with the application of the cumulative calculation method. The material balances of the processes were taken as the basis of the analysis. The method of the process analysis as shown in the cumulative calculation determines the influence of the emissions of dust and gas pollutions originating from a particular production process, as well as wastewater and solid wastes resulting from it, upon the natural environment. It was proved that the solution of the production STPP with the dry one-step method has the lowest impact on the environment among the three assessed solutions.
4
Content available remote Otrzymywanie tripolifosforanu sodu (TPFS) z ekstrakcyjnego kwasu fosforowego produkowanego z apatytu Kola oraz z przemysłowego roztworu fosforanów sodu
Kijkowska R., Kowalski Z., Wzorek Z., Pawłowska-Kozińska D.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2006
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T. 85, nr 8-9
837-839
PL
Przedstawiono warunki tworzenia się wysokotemperaturowej odmiany (Faza–1) tripolifosforanu sodu (Na5P3O10), otrzymanego z ekstrakcyjnego kwasu fosforowego (EKF) produkowanego z koncentratu apatytowego Kola oraz z roztworu przemysłowego (Na/P = 1,67) fosforanów sodu. Obecność jonu siarczanowego w EKF miała istotny wpływ na wysokość temperatury tworzenia się Fazy–1.
EN
Com. crude 80% H3PO4 contg. ca. 2% SO4 was desulfated with CaHPO4.2H2O (Ca/SO4 = 1) to 0.04%. A com. soln. of Na phosphates, Na/P = 1.67, was evapd. and calcined at 350, 400, 450. 500, or 550° C to prep. Na tripolyphosphate. Phases I and II were identified by x-rays. With the crude acid, impurities (esp. SO4) caused the high-temp. phase (Na5P3O10-I) to form at >500° C. With the desulfated acid, phase I appeared at 350° C with no Na5P3O10-II as an intermediate. The no-waste method caused the resulting Na5P3O10 to contain impurities in proportions identical with those in the starting acid, SO4 0.04, Fe 0.3–0.5%.
5
Content available remote Wpływ zanieczyszczeń w kwasie fosforowym na zawartość Na5P3O10 - I (Fazy-I) w trójpolifosforanie sodu
Pawłowska-Kozińska D., Kijkowska R., Kowalski Z., Wzorek Z.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2003
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T. 82, nr 8-9
864-866
6
Content available remote Biomateriały fosforanowe : substytuty tkanki kostnej
Kijkowska R.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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2003
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T. 82, nr 8-9
1090-1091
7
Content available remote Sodium tripolyphosphate and others condensed sodium phosphates production methods
Kowalski Z., Kijkowska R., Pawłowska-Kozińska D., Wzorek Z.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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2002
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Vol. 4, nr 3
27-33
EN
The paper presents production methods and functions of sodium tripolyphosphate STPP and other phosphates, which can remain a significant activity for chemical industry for the foreseeable future. Raw materials, among them wet-process phosphoric acid (WAPP), for condensed sodium phosphates manufacturing and the STPP production in Poland are discussed. Some effects of ionic impurities, present in WAPP, on the quality of the STPP are considered. Our implemented method allowed replacing part of the expensive thermal phosphoric acid used for STPP production with pre-treated concentrated WAPP. 10,000 tons of pre-treated 75% H3PO4 acid, with sulphate concentration lower than 0.1% of SO4 was produced in 1998. It was used mostly for STPP manufacturing; the waste obtained in the pre-treatment process could be utilised in the feed phosphate production. The use of pre-treated concentrated WAPP results in a decrease of STPP production costs at about 20% (in comparison to the use of thermal phosphoric acid).
8
Content available remote Badania nad odzyskiem związków fosforu ze ścieków pochodzących z Zakładów Chemicznych "Alwernia"
Kijkowska R., Pawłowska-Kozińska D., Jodko M., Wzorek Z., Gorazda K.
Czasopismo Techniczne. Chemia
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2002
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R. 99, z. 3-Ch
21--32
EN
This paper presents the method for treatment of industrial wastewater detained during STPP and phosphoric acid production in "Alwernia" Chemical Works. The potential recovery of phosphorus and its use as a substitute of natural raw materials in feed phosphate production is presented too.
9
Content available remote Implant materials
Kijkowska R.
Polish Journal of Chemical Technology
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1999
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Vol. 1, nr 1
19-25
EN
Biomaterials for the fabrication of prostheses for medical applications used for the replacement or reparation or augmentation of diseased or damaged body parts are discussed. They are bioinert (e.g. metals, organic polymers, alumina/zirconia ceramics) and bioactive (bioglass, glass-ceramic, hydroxyapatite ceramics). Bioactive biphasic composites or bioactive coatings on the implants provide the combination of bioactivity and mechanical strength for the implanted prostheses. Most of them are used as bone substituents, or for skeletal fixation. The bioceramic or bioglass coatings on metallic or ceramic substrates have been applied to modify the surface of the implant and to stabilize it shortly after the implantation.
10
Content available remote Postęp w technologii biomateriałów stosowanych w chirurgii narządów człowieka
Kijkowska R.
Przemysł Chemiczny
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1998
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T. 77, nr 7
243-246
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