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Methods of Physical and Mental Testing of Vehicle Drivers and Its Role in Road Traffic Safety Improvement

Antonowicz M., Zielinski M.

Logistics and Transport

2015

Vol. 25, No. 1

43--56

Safety in the road traffic is largely dependent on the physical and mental condition of the driver. Current research as well as the analyses conducted on certain phenomena-psycho-physiological efficiency of drivers, their skills, the influence of extrinsic factors on drivers, the technical parameters of vehicles and finally the distracting power of the environment - all prove that it is achievable to minimize risk in the road traffic. There are various testing techniques, some of them are directed at the driver (eye tracking, heart rate and breath gauging or neuro-imaging), other techniques test the on-board car systems and still others test the visual and radar monitoring of the environment outside the vehicle. All of these techniques, for one thing enable tracing the driver’s actions and for another, provide information about the processes which affect the driving person. It should be noted that, owing to the above mentioned study, new knowledge is being developed. Both the research conducted with modern equipment, such as the systems of visual and radar analysis of the driver’s surrounding area, and the systems which gauge psychophysical condition of the person, even if they might not ensure our totally comprehensive grasp of the safety processes in transport, yet they provide new and valuable information which is expected to facilitate our understanding of the role and influence of psychophysical processes in a driver on safety in the road traffic. Data collected with such methods will enhance our knowledge with details that have been unknown so far. Besides, the methods will let us perceive the phenomena which may, for that matter, serve to verify current theories or even lay the foundations for totally innovative knowledge that may help to analyse the influence of the driver’s psychophysical condition on the road traffic safety. What is more, the resultant knowledge may be further employed to work out effective tools for aiding safety to different means of transport in motion. The development of tools and methods which are supposed to enhance and ensure safety in the road transport is the clue issue being tackled by both domestic institutions and the European Union. For a few years now, safety in the road traffic in developed countries has been one of the essential issues regularly discussed and studied. The aim of this article is to present both the testing methods as well as the role of psychophysical condition of the driver on safety in the road traffic.

Liquid crystalline phases in DNA and dye-doped DNA solutions analysed by polarized linear and nonlinear microscopy and differential scanning calorimetry

Olesiak J., Matczyszyn K., Mojzisova H., Zielinski M., Chauvat D., Zyss J.

Materials Science Poland

2009

Vol. 27, No. 3

813--823

The contribution reports on an investigation of liquid crystalline phases in salmon (ca. 2000 bp) and herring (ca. 50 bp) roe DNA solutions in water. DNA aqueous solutions exhibit lyotropic liquid crystal (LLC) properties. To characterize LLC phases in DNA solutions, specially prepared LC cells as well as drying droplets were observed under a polarized light microscope (PLM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to determine the temperatures of phase transitions. The preliminary results are discussed and several structures of LLC in DNA aqueous solutions are presented as a function of temperature, concentration and DNA contour length. Apart from pure DNA solutions, a host-guest system was fabricated, with DNA doped with 4-(4-Nitrophenylazo)aniline - an azobenzene derivative, known as Disperse Orange 3 (DO3). In such a system, liquid crystalline phases were observed differing from the phases formed in pure DNA solutions of similar concentrations of matter. To study the mutual orientation of DNA chains and small dye molecules, polarization sensitive nonlinear microscopy was applied. DNA dissolved in water and doped with azobenzene was found to produce a two-photon fluorescence signal. From polarization analysis, a partial ordering of DO3 molecules in DNA matrix was observed.

A Methodology for Assessing Blast Protection in Explosive Ordnance Disposal Bomb Suits

Bass C., Davis M., Rafaels K., Rountree M., Harris R. M., Sanderson E., Andrefsky W., DiMarco G., Zielinski M.

International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics

2005

Vol. 11, No. 4

347--361

To reduce human casualties associated with explosive ordnance disposal, a wide range of protective wear has been designed to shield against the blast effects of improvised explosive devices and munitions. In this study, 4 commercially available bomb suits, representing a range of materials and armor masses, were evaluated against 0.227 and 0.567 kg of spherical C-4 explosives to determine the level of protection offered to the head, neck, and thorax. A Hybrid III dummy, an instrumented human surrogate [1], was tested with and without protection from the 4 commercially available bomb suits. 20 tests with the dummy torso mounted to simulate a kneeling position were performed to confirm repeatability and robustness of the dummies, as well as to evaluate the 4 suits. Correlations between injury risk assessments based on past human or animal injury model data and various parameters such as bomb suit mass, projected area, and dummy coverage area were drawn.