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1

A novel flattened gain C-band cascaded hybrid optical Raman and thulium-doped fluoride fiber amplifier for super dense wavelength division multiplexing system

Kumar C., Goyal R.

Optica Applicata

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2018

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Vol. 48, nr 2

173--177

EN

In this paper, we have reported a very advanced hybrid optical amplifier (Raman-TDFF amplifier) for the 180 × 10 Gbps super dense wavelength division multiplexing system with the channel spacing of 100 GHz. The performances of the model have been evaluated in terms of gain and noise figures for the C-band (from 1525 to 1565 nm). Gain flatness (> 21 dB) is recorded with the least variation of 2.5 dB without using any cost effective technique. Further, the effect of the proposed hybrid optical amplifier has also been analyzed with slightly shifting the wavelength spectrum for the same feature.

2

Microstructural considerations on SH-wave propagation in a piezoelectric layered structure

Goyal R., Kumar S.

Journal of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics

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2018

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Vol. 56 nr 4

993--1004

EN

Shear wave based acoustic devices are being used in gaseous and liquid environments because of their high-sensitivity. The theoretical study of horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves in a layered structure consisting of a piezoelectric ceramic of P ZT − 5H or BaT iO3 material overlying a couple stress substrate is presented in this paper. The considered substrate is supposed to be exhibiting microstructural properties. The closed form expression of dispersion relations are derived analytically for electrically open and short conditions. The effects of internal microstructures of the couple stress substrate, thickness of P ZT − 5H or BaT iO3 ceramic, piezoelectric and dielectric constants are illustrated graphically on the phase velocity of the piezoelectric layer under electrically open and short conditions.

3

FEM simulation of triple diffusive natural convection along inclined plate in porous medium: prescribed surface heat, solute and nanoparticles flux

Goyal M., Goyal R, Bhargava R.

International Journal of Applied Mechanics and Engineering

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2017

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Vol. 22, no. 4

883–-900

EN

In this paper, triple diffusive natural convection under Darcy flow over an inclined plate embedded in a porous medium saturated with a binary base fluid containing nanoparticles and two salts is studied. The model used for the nanofluid is the one which incorporates the effects of Brownian motion and thermophoresis. In addition, the thermal energy equations include regular diffusion and cross-diffusion terms. The vertical surface has the heat, mass and nanoparticle fluxes each prescribed as a power law function of the distance along the wall. The boundary layer equations are transformed into a set of ordinary differential equations with the help of group theory transformations. A wide range of parameter values are chosen to bring out the effect of buoyancy ratio, regular Lewis number and modified Dufour parameters of both salts and nanofluid parameters with varying angle of inclinations. The effects of parameters on the velocity, temperature, solutal and nanoparticles volume fraction profiles, as well as on the important parameters of heat and mass transfer, i.e., the reduced Nusselt, regular and nanofluid Sherwood numbers, are discussed. Such problems find application in extrusion of metals, polymers and ceramics, production of plastic films, insulation of wires and liquid packaging.

4

A validated stability-indicating RP-LC method for the estimation of process-related impurities and degradation products of quetiapine fumarate in solid oral dosage form

Kumar N., Sangeetha D, Goyal R, Reddy P. S.

Acta Chromatographica

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2013

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Vol. 25, no. 2

393--409

EN

A simple, selective, and stability-indicating reverse phase liquid chromatographic method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of impurities and forced degradation products of quetiapine fumarate. The chromatographic separation was achieved on Inertsil-3 C8, 150 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm column at 35°C with UV detection at 217 nm using gradient mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. Mobile phase A contains a mixture of 0.01 M di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate (pH 6.8) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 80:20 (v/v), respectively, and mobile phase B contains a mixture of 0.01 M di-potassium hydrogen orthophosphate (pH 6.8) and acetonitrile in the ratio of 20:80 (v/v), respectively. The drug product was subjected to the stress conditions of oxidative, hydrolysis (acid and base), hydrolytic, thermal, and photolytic degradation. Quetiapine fumarate was found to degrade significantly in acid, base, and oxidative stress conditions. The degradation products were well resolved from main peak and its impurities. The mass balance was found to be in the range of 96.6–102.2% in all the stressed conditions, thus proved the stability-indicating power of the method. The developed method was validated as per ICH guidelines with respect to specificity, linearity, limit of detection and quantification, accuracy, precision, and robustness.