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Application of the minirhizotron technique to studying the roots of fruit plants

Głuszek S, Sas Paszt L, Sumorok B., Derkowska E, Kozera R.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

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2013

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Vol. 7, nr 18

45--53

EN

Minirhizotron, a non-destructive technique is based on the application of transparent tubes, located in plant’s root zone. This method has been known since the beginning of 20th century and is used for plant root’s observations, especially in forest trees (Scots pine, Norway spruce, silver fir, birch), steppe grasses, vegetables and cereals. Minirhizotron technique is also applicable to pomological plants observations, mostly apples, but many others orchard species were observed with this method last years. The study of root growth dynamics in fruit plants using the non-destructive, minirhizotron method is conducted in the Pomological Orchard in Skierniewice. The objects of the observations are the roots of: apple trees cultivar. ‘Gold Milenium’, blackcurrant bushes cultivar ‘Tiben’ and sweet cherry cultivar ‘Vanda’. The observations were carried out monthly over a period of from March to November.

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Występowanie grzybów mikoryzowych u wybranych roślin zbiorowisk doliny rzeki Kurówka

Sumorok B., Michalska-Hejduk D., Zdanowicz A., Drobniewska A., Sas Paszt L.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

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2009

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T. 9, z. 3

195-204

PL

Badania grzybów mikoryzowych prowadzono w latach 2005-2007 w zlewni rzeki Kurówka, w trzech transektach (TI, TII, TIII) na dwudziestu czterech stanowiskach. Transekty poprowadzono od wyniesienia terenu do rzeki. Badaniami objęto uprawy zbóż, zbiorowiska zaroślowe i łąkowe z klasy Molinio-Arrhenatheretea, zbiorowiska szuwarowe z klasy Phragmitetea oraz zarośla wierzbowe z klasy Alnetea glutinosae. Próbki gleby z korzeniami roślin pobierano z warstwy powierzchniowej (do 25 cm), z każdego stanowiska. Na każdym stanowisku pobierano korzenie dominujących gatunków roślin zielnych, krzewów oraz drzew - łącznie pobrano korzenie 30 gatunków roślin. Korzenie płukano pod bieżącą wodą i w przypadku grzybów ektomikoryzowych (EMG) analizowano pod mikroskopem stereoskopowym, a korzenie roślin z grzybami arbuskularnymi (AGM) barwiono, przygotowywano preparaty i analizowano pod mikroskopem świetlnym. Wstępna analiza połączeń mikoryzowych wykazała, że spośród gatunków ektomikoryzowych dominował Cenoccocum geophillum Fr. występujący u drzew i krzewów zasiedlających siedliska okresowo zalewane i leśne suche. Z morfotypów ektomikoryzowych duży udział miał rodzaj Russula, następnie Amphinema, Thelephora, Hebeloma i Cortinarius. Rośliny, u których stwierdzono mikoryzę arbuskularną we wszystkich próbkach korzeni to: mozga trzcinowata (Phalaris arundinacea L.), trzcina pospolita (Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud), śmiałek darniowy (Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv) i wierzba szara (Salix cinerea L.).

EN

Mycorrhizal associations were examined in the vegetative seasons 2005–2007 in the Kurówka River Basin along three transects (TI, TII, TIII) comprising twenty four sites. The transects were drawn from the terrain elevation towards the Kurówka River and covered cultivated grain fields, shrub and meadow communities, sedge rushes, and willow shrubs, including the classes Artemisietea vulgaris, Phragmitetea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Alnetea glutinosae. Plant roots were sampled from the topsoil up to a depth of 25 cm in each site. Dominant plants in individual sites as well as herbaceous and tree species were selected. As many as 30 plant species were sampled. Roots forming ectomycorrhizae were analyzed under a stereoscope. Roots forming arbuscular mycorrhizae were stained; diagnostic slides were made and analyzed under a light microscope. The analysis of mycorrhizal associations shows that Cenoccocum geophillum Fr., which occurs in trees and shrubs colonising periodically flooded habitats and dry forest habitats, predominated. A high contribution of the genus Russula, followed by the genera Amphinema, Thelephora, Hebeloma and Cortinarius, was recorded among ectomycorrhizal morphotypes. Arbuscular mycorrhizae were recorded in all the root samples of the following plants: Phalaris arundinacea L. (reed canary grass), Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud (common reed), Deschampsia caespitosa (L.) P. Beauv (tufted hair grass) and Salix cinerea L. (grey willow).

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Qualitative and quantitative phytoseston changes in two different stream-order river segments over a period of twelve years (Grabia and Brodnia, central Poland)

Sumorok B., Żelazna-Wieczorek J., Kostrzewa K.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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Vol. 38, No.1

55-63

EN

Phytoseston studies were carried out at two sites near the town of Łask in the third orderstream segment of the Grabia River and the first order-stream segment of the Brodnia River, in two study periods: 1992-1993 and 2005-2006. Water and seston were sampled twice a month. The chemical parameters of N-NO3, P-PO4 and chlorophyll a were also determined. The aim of the studies was to determine the changes in the nutrient load of these ecosystems in the rivers studied over the course of 12 years and their influence on quantitative and qualitative phytoseston differentiation. No important differences in the taxonomic composition of the phytoseston between the two rivers were observed. A high participation of diatoms (over 50%), in relation to other algal groups, was recorded in both rivers. Vegetation in the Brodnia River begins to develop one month earlier than in the Grabia River. The greatest changes in the seasonal rate of algal succession occurred in the spring and summer periods, while no considerable changes in seston composition were recorded in the fall or winter periods. A decrease in phytoseston quantity was observed in the second study period. Chlorophyll a content was significantly lower in 2005-2006 than that in 1992-1993.