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2 2022

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New Ray on Remediation of High Rings Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons: Remediation of Raw Petroleum Sludge Using Solidification and Stabilization Method

Roslee Noor Faiza, Kamil Nor Amani Filzah Mohd, Kadir Aeslina Abdul, Jalil Abdul Rahim, Hamzah Nurhidayah, Noor Norazian Mohamed, Sandu Andrei Victor

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2022

Vol. 67, iss. 4

1201--1208

Solidification/Stabilization (S/S) method with cement as a binder to remediate metals in petroleum sludge has been successfully proven. However, this technique has not yet been explored to remediate organic contaminants since a high concentration of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon (TPH) was also detected in the sludge. This study focuses on remediating 16 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) compounds in raw petroleum sludge with Portland cement as a binder using the S/S method. The initial concentration of 16 PAHs in the raw sludge was first measured before the performance of the S/S method to remediate the PAHs were evaluated. The S/S matrices were tested for leaching behavior and strength after 7 and 28 days by air curing. The leaching test was measured using the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP), and the remaining PAHs concentration in the matrices was analyzed using a Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS). In the raw sludge, all 16 PAHs compounds were below the standard limit except for Benzo(a)anthracene, Benzo(a)pyrene, Dibenzo(ah)anthracene, and Indeno(1,2,3- cd_ pyrene), which are considered as high rings PAHs. The high rings PAHs show lower concentration in leachate than low rings PAHs, which indicates the potential of the S/S method in remediating high rings PAHs. The high sludge ratio in S/S matrices has shown that the percentage strength is increasing, similar to Portland cement. Therefore, this study contributed to the possibility of the S/S method in the remediation of PAHs in petroleum sludge by using only Portland cement as a binder.

Mechanical Properties and Toxicity Characteristic of Petroleum Sludge Incorporated with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Quarry Dust in Solidification/Stabilization Matrices

Hassan Mohd Ikhmal Haqeem, Kadir Aeslina Abdul, Kamil Nor Amani Filzah Mohd, Hashar Nurul Nabila Huda, Sarani Noor Amira, Ibrahim Badaruddin, Salleh Kahirol Mohd, Al Bakri Abdullah Mohd Mustafa

Archives of Metallurgy and Materials

2022

Vol. 67, iss. 4

1259--1266

This paper discussed the treatment of Malaysian petroleum sludge by incorporating palm oil fuel ash (POFA) to replace Portland cement and quarry dust (QD) replaces sand in the solidification/stabilization (S/S) method. Preliminary studies, including chemical composition, heavy metal characterization, density test, compressive strength test, and toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP), were done to evaluate POFA and QD suitability in S/S matrices. The 10% replacement of POFA recorded a considerable density value ranging from 1500 kg/m3 to 1660 kg/m3. As for S/S matrices containing petroleum sludge, the results indicate the possibility to of encapsulating the sludge in the matrices up to 10%. The highest strength of S/S matrices with petroleum is from PS5% samples with 15.61 MPa at 28 days. The toxicity characteristic of heavy metals from the S/S matrices was below the permissible limit set by USEPA. This investigation could be an alternative solution for petroleum sludge, POFA, and QD disposal and has excellent potential for replacing other treatment approaches employed at the advanced treatment stage for petroleum refinery effluents.