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Identification of Groundwater Quality by Statistical Methods and a Mathematical Method in the Khemisset–Tiflet Region

Zahra Elassassi, Ihsane Ougrad, Jihan Faouzi, Abdeslam Abid, Amal Saad, Fouzia Nhari, Mohmed Fadli, Abdelaziz Chaouch

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

2022

Vol. 23, iss. 4

115--124

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources that is overexploited and extensively polluted by human activity. Furthermore, drinking this dirty water might have major consequences for human health. Before using groundwater, it is consequently required to conduct a precise and regular assessment of its quality. Furthermore, for five monitoring stations in the Khemisset-Tiflet region, cluster analysis (CA), principal component analysis (PCA), and a fuzzy logic technique were utilized to analyze water quality. The CA classified the sample sites into three categories. The PCA identified temporal characteristics of water quality status. Group I include stations characterized by high temperature and low DO, COD, and BOD5 values. Group II includes stations characterized by high values of pH and low concentrations of NO3-, Cl-, SO42- and turbidity. Group III includes stations characterized by high concentrations of NO3-, Cl-, SO42- and turbidity and low concentrations of pH. In addition, fuzzy logic to reveal more information about groundwater quality. In effect, water quality in spring and winter was the best; the parameters responsible for the deterioration of water quality are NO3-, Cl-, SO42- and turbidity.