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EN
Purpose: Contacts with foreigners and their somewhat different ways of thinking and behavior (often incomprehensible to the Polish society), reaching back to the roots of the culture of a given country, region or community, are becoming an everyday reality nowadays. These processes also affect the change of standards in the field of intercultural competencies of managerial staff. The aim of this paper is to discuss the development of cultural competencies in managers that are necessary in the management of intercultural organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The paper uses the desk research method of analysis. The analysis of available subject literature and data obtained from the websites of six Polish agricultural universities enabled establishment of facts, verification of data and presentation of results. Findings: The considerations presented in the article indicate that the key element of the changes taking place in organizations are intelligent human resources with cultural competencies. International cooperation and foreign contacts are important - whether through participation in common projects, conferences, research or student internships. Joint actions are also required rather than individual actions and the initiatives undertaken are consistent with the concept of the society 5.0. Practical implications: A common space for development, modern technology, creative thinking and joint commitment of the managerial staff and the academic community enable the building of a super-intelligent society and universities fit for the 21st century. Social implications: The advances in technology should always be used with consideration of the needs and the good of people, regardless of cultural differences. The world of people, machines and their surroundings should be interconnected and all these elements should be able to communicate with each other. Originality/value: The article is an original approach to searching for solutions that influence the change of standards in the area of key competencies of managerial staff, including intercultural competencies.
PL
Ze względu na rosnące zapotrzebowanie na energię elektryczną celowe wydaje się poszukiwanie i wykorzystanie nowych źródeł energii odnawialnej. Biomasa jest najszerzej wykorzystywanym odnawialnym źródłem energii. Obok powszechnie stosownych rodzajów biomasy, jak drewno czy rośliny energetyczne, także odpady z pielęgnacji zieleni miejskiej, np. skoszona trawa, zebrane liście czy odpady zdrewniałe mogą służyć do celów energetycznych. Celem artykułu jest prezentacja możliwości zagospodarowania odpadów z pielęgnacji zieleni miejskiej Warszawy. W pracy oszacowano ilość odpadów zielonych możliwą do pozyskania oraz określono potencjał energetyczny tej biomasy.
EN
Due to the growing demand for electricity, it seems advisable to explore and use new sources of renewable energy. The most widely used renewable energy source is biomass. In addition to commonly used types of biomass, such as wood or energy crops, waste from the care of urban greenery, such as mowed grass, collected leaves, or wood waste, can be used for energy purposes. The aim of the paper is to present the possibilities of managing waste from the maintenance of urban greenery in Warsaw. In the paper the possible amount of obtained green waste as well as the energy potential of this biomass is estimated.
EN
The aim of the work was to verify hypothesis that colour of longitudinal section of carrot root may be represented by a selected segment of root or a cross-section. An image analysis was based on image data obtained for longitudinal sections of carrot roots using flatbed scanner and graphics editing software. Colour images were acquired into sRGB colour space and converted to CIE Lab. Sixteen segments of equal height were separated over whole length of root image. The colour difference metric was determined to present how colour of each segment differs from the mean colour of whole root. The root section was considered to be representative for whole root if colour difference metric was the least. The analysis of results confirmed a research hypothesis and allowed for finding representative section which was located at 10⁄16 of total root length measuring from the carrot root head.
PL
Celem pracy było przedstawienie najważniejszych założeń dotyczących biopaliw, czyli produkowanych z biomasy ciekłych paliw dla transportu, w perspektywie do 2030 r., wynikających z dyrektywy 2018/2001 w sprawie promowania stosowania energii ze źródeł odnawialnych. Ponadto, w celu porównania, omówiono główne założenia do 2020 r., a także dane liczbowe charakteryzujące produkcję oraz wykorzystanie bioetanolu i estrów metylowych w Polsce w latach 2010–2018 jako biokomponentów, na których oparta jest krajowa branża biopaliwowa.
EN
The purpose of the work was to present the most important assumptions regarding biofuels, i.e. produced from biomass, liquid fuels for transport, in the perspective up to 2030, resulting from Directive 2018/2001 on the promotion of the use of energy from renewable sources. In addition, for comparison, the main assumptions to 2020 are discussed, as well as the figures characterizing the production and use of bioethanol and methyl esters in Poland in 2010–2018, as biocomponents onwhich the domestic biofuel industry is based
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