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New Grammar Systems and Their Application Perspectives

Horáček P., Meduna A.

Schedae Informaticae

2013

Vol. 22

47--68

This paper presents new grammar systems that describe transfor- mations of syntactic structures. They represent two approaches: synchronous grammars and transducers. The systems consist of well-known models such as context-free grammars and finite automata. Particular attention is paid to synchronization of regulated grammars. The paper recalls formal definitions of the systems and discusses theoretical results regarding their generative and accepting power. The last part briefly introduces application perspectives in natural language translation, illustrated by examples of Czech-English trans- lation.

Synchronous versions of regulated grammars : generative power and linguistic applications

Horáček P., Meduna A.

Theoretical and Applied Informatics

2012

Vol. 24, No. 3

175-190

This paper introduces the notion of new synchronous grammars as systems consisting of two context-free grammars with linked rules instead of linked nonterminals. Further, synchronous versions of regulated grammars, specifically, matrix grammars and scattered context grammars, are discussed. From a theoretical point of view, this paper discusses the power of these synchronous grammars. It demonstrates the following main results. First, if we synchronize context-free grammars by linking rules, the grammar generates the languages defined by matrix grammars. Second, if we synchronize matrix grammars by linking matrices, the generative power remains unchanged. Third, synchronous scattered context grammars generate the class of recursively enumerable languages. From a more practical viewpoint, this paper presents linguistic application prospects. The focus is on natural language translation between Japanese and English.