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Ranking of Shrubs by Degree of Stability

Semenyutina Alexandra V., Semenyutina Victoria A., Khuzhakhmetova Aliya Sh.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

158--166

EN

The relevance is due to the introduction of the subtropical fruit crop Zizyphus jujuba (unabi) to the Volgograd region. For the first time in the conditions of the Volgograd region, the material on the biochemical properties of various varieties of unabi fruits was analyzed and generalized. The ranking of shrubs by change to conditions is based on the fixation of environmental factors and the bioecology of plant individuals based on their physiological and biochemical parameters in field and laboratory conditions. The purpose of the research is to rank the shrubs according to the degree of resistance to stress factors. The objects are plant genotypes of Z. jujuba: large-fruited, medium-fruited and small-fruited. Experimental plantings with their participation are cultivated at the collection site of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (Volgograd, Russia).

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Dynamics of Indicators of the Ecological State of Shrubs, Taking into Account their Taxonomic and Age Specifics for the Prediction of their Longevity

Semenyutina Alexandra V., Khuzhakhmetova Aliya Sh., Semenyutina Victoria A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

23--29

EN

As part of a plant Group, species with different limits of individual tolerance coexist. According to the principle of emergence, in synecological studies, it is advisable to evaluate the response of biocenoses as an integral structure to changes in environmental parameters. To reveal the organizational structure of groups, their functional activity allows the study of the relationships of various hierarchical levels, as a result of which ectomorphic matrices are formed that reflect the general emergent properties of ecological groups (for example, trophic, topical their structure) since the organizational structure of groups is environmentally determined. The study of plants of cultivated species at various ecological levels allows us to obtain information on plant viability strategies that are important in managing and expanding the functionality of species and varietal diversity and harmonizing vegetation with environmental conditions. The systematic approach of plant research makes it possible to fully realize the genetic potential of productivity, establish the limits of environmental tolerance, stability, genetic flexibility, etc. So, for a complex study of a cultural plant species (variety, line, Hybrid), a systematic approach of research involves the study of plants at different levels of integration of living matter (genetic-molecular, cellular, tissue, morphological, organizational), as well as Dem –, son – and ecosystem. Given that most of the characteristics, properties, and characteristics of plant organisms are determined not only genetically, but also ecologically, it is important to study plant organisms under changing conditions in Sita, revealing the Out –, Dem –, synecological, and ecosystem levels.

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Assessment of Growth and Development of Representatives under the Conditions of Chestnut Soils

Semenyutina Alexandra V., Melnik Kristina A., Semenyutina Victoria A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 1

19--24

EN

The growth and development of woody plants allow revealing the essence of their relationship with the environment. New conditions for growing plants primarily affect their growth and development, which is associated with the amount of heat and moisture. The aim of the research was to study the dynamics of growth and development of Gleditsia under new cultivation conditions (chestnut soils of the Volgograd region). In the arid zone of Russia, a comparative analysis of the species of the Gleditsia genus: G. texana, G. cassis, G. triacanthos, growing in the cluster dendrological collections of the Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences (cadastre. № 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10; cadastre no. 34: 36:0000:14:0178). The analysis of long-term phenological observations at various temperature parameters of the environment was carried out. The optimal temperature for the beginning of active growth of shoots and its intensity were revealed. It was established that under the conditions of arid climate of the Volgograd region, the species of the Gleditsia genus are characterized by a spring-summer period of shoot growth (from the first decade of May to the third decade of July). Apical shoots start to grow earlier and finish it later than the lateral ones. At the time of cessation of growth in all species, the tops of the shoots dry up together with 2–3 leaves. Then comes the process of lignification of young shoots, contributing to their resistance under winter conditions. When comparing the data on the development of shoots of different Gleditsia species, no clear differences were found. Gleditsia triacanthos has the longest growing season (195 days) compared with the rest of the studied species. During the growing season, all Gleditsia species go through a full cycle of development, which indicates the success of their introduction, proving that the Gleditsia genus is a stable plant in chestnut soils. Gleditsia has no special generative shoots. The period from the beginning of budding to flowering depends on weather conditions (an increase in temperature to 28 °C slows this process down). In hydrologically favorable years, at an average air temperature of 21.5 °C, continuous flowering of plants is observed). The obtained materials are necessary for selection for landscaping, assessment of aesthetic and sanitary-hygienic properties, development and implementation of measures to protect green spaces from pests and diseases. Phenological observations have a huge role for forest reclamation.

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Analysis of Bioresource Collections on Climatic Rhythms and Phenological Processes

Belyaev Alexander I., Semenyutina Alexandra V., Khuzhakhmetova Aliya Sh., Semenyutina Victoria A.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

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2022

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Vol. 23, iss. 3

87--94

EN

A comprehensive assessment of dendrological resources for the formation of forest reclamation complexes is a process of qualitative and quantitative expansion of economically important plants and a scientifically based choice of the best possible option. The development of methods for improving the bioresources of degraded landscapes is aimed at the adaptive organization of land use in forestry and water management, recreation, urban planning, landscaping of settlements based on a comprehensive assessment of dendrological resources and increasing their biodiversity. The Federal Research Center of Agroecology of the Russian Academy of Sciences for a long period of its existence has created a network of experimental stations (cadastre No. 34:34:000000:122, 34:34:060061:10; Nizhnevolzhskaya station for the selection of tree species; 34:36:000014:178; West Siberian AGLOS; 22:23:010003:0014; Volga AGLOS; No. 63:23:0908001:0002) with dendrological collections located in different soil and climatic zones (Altai Krai, Samara and Volgograd regions) – typical areas of the arid zone with stable and moderate (in some years acute) summer moisture deficiency.