The aim of this study was to investigate manganese and zinc recoveries from spent zinc-carbon and alkaline battery powder. The effect of sulfuric acid concentration, ascorbic acid dosage, reaction temperature and leaching time on zinc and manganese dissolutions was investigated. The optimum reductive acid leaching conditions were determined as: 3 hours, 70 °C, 0.5 M of sulfuric acid concentration, 13 g/dm3 of ascorbic acid dosage, 1/20 g/cm3 of solid/liquid ratio and 200 rpm of stirring speed. Under these conditions, dissolution efficiencies were 99.99% for Zn and 99.25% for Mn. In addition, dissolution kinetics of manganese was undertaken, and the activation energy was found to be 7.04 kJ/mol. Using 3 M NaOH as precipitating agent at room temperature, 95.35% of Zn (at pH 8) and 93.66% of Mn (at pH 10) were precipitated from the leaching solution. Under the same conditions, using 3 M KOH, precipitations of Zn and Mn were 91.63% and 96.39%, respectively. Based on the experimental results, a flowsheet of zinc and manganese recovery was proposed.
The novel Schiff base ligand, 4-methoxysalicyliden-p-aminoacetophenoneoxime (LH) was synthesized starting from p-aminoacetophenoneoxime and 4-methoxysalicylaldehyde. Mononuclear cobalt(II), copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes of the ligand have been prepared by using Co(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) salt with a metal to ligand ratio of 1:2. The structures of the ligand and its complexes were identified by using elemental analyses, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements, UV spectra and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).
The complexes of Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 3-hydroxysalicyliden-p-aminoacetophenoneoxime were prepared and characterized by physical, spectral and analytical data. The metal:ligand stoichiometric ratio is 1:2 in all the complexes. It was determined that the bidentate behavior of the ligand is accomplished via the phenolic oxygen and the azomethine nitrogen atoms. The presence of water is revealed by thermograms and supported by the presence of relevant bands in their IR spectra. Suitable structures have been proposed for these complexes.
Two new vic-dioxime ligands containing 1,3-dioxolane ring and ethylenediamine, N_-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-{[(2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]amino}ethyl)ethanimidamide (L1H2), N_-hydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)-N-(2-{[(2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan- 4-yl)methyl]amino}ethyl)ethanimidamide (L2H2) and their complexes have been prepared from chloride salts of CoII, NiII, CuII and ZnII in EtOH. The authenticity of the ligands and their complexes have been established by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Visible spectroscopy, elemental analysis and magnetic susceptibility measurements. The complexes are mononuclear. Ligands form complexes [(L1H)2M] and [(L2H)2M] with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 with M = CoII, NiII and CuII. ZnII forms with ligands complexes [(Zn)(L1H)(Cl)(H2O)] and [(Zn)(L2H)(Cl)(H2O)] which have a metal:ligand ratio of 1:1. The mononuclear CoII, NiII and CuII complexes indicated that the metal ions are coordinated to ligands by two N atoms, as do most of the vic-dioximes. In the Zn(II) complexes the ligands are coordinated by theNandOatoms of the vic-dioximes.
The new ligand salicyliden-p-aminoacetophenoneoxime (LH) was synthesized from p-aminoacetophenoneoxime and salicylaldehyde under reflux in absolute ethanol. Mononuclear complexes with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 have been prepared with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+ salts. Their structures have been elucidated on the basis of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, electronic spectra, elemental analyses, magnetic susceptibility measurements, molar conductivity and thermogravimetric analyses. According to the results, it is suggested that two ligands are coordinated to each metal atom by hydroxyl and the imino nitrogen to form high spin tetrahedral complexes with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and diamagnetic complex with Zn2+.
N,N-Bis(2-{[(2-methyl-2-phenyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl]amino}ethyl)N_,N_-dihydr oxyethanediimidamide (LH2) has been synthesized and its mononuclear complexes with Co2+, Ni2+, Cu2+, Zn2+ and Cd2+ ions have been obtained. The mononuclear complexes indicated that the metal ions are ligand coordinated through the two N atoms, as do most of the vic-dioximes. The authenticity of the ligands and their complexes have been established by IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Visible spectroscopy, elemental analyses and magnetic susceptibility measurements.
A new ligand including vic-dioxime moiety, 9,10-bis(hydroxyimino)-4,8,11,15-tetraaza- 1,2,17,18-O-di_-methylbenzaloctadecane (LH2) has been synthesized and its mononuclear complexes have been prepared. LH2 forms transition metal complexes [(LH)2M] with a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 with M = Co(II)(H2O)2, Ni(II) and Cu(II). Zn(II) forms with H2L complex [Zn(LH2)(Cl)2], which has a metal:ligand ratio of 1:1. The mononuclear Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) and Zn(II) complexes indicated that the metal ions are ligand coordinated through the twoNatoms, as do most of the vic-dioximes. In the Co(II) complex two water molecules and in the Zn(II) complex two chloride ions are also coordinated to the metal ion. Elemental analyses, IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra, UV-Visible spectroscopy, magnetic susceptibility measurements, conductivity measurements and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) were used to elucidate the structures of the newly prepared ligand and its complexes. These results indicate octahedral geometry for the Co(II) complex, square planar geometry for the Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes, tetrahedral geometry for the Zn(II) complex.
9,10-Bis(hydroxyimino)-4,8,11,15-tetra-aza-1,2,17,18-O-di-iso-propylideneoctadecane (H2L) was synthesized by the reaction of 1,2-O-iso-propylidene-4-aza-7-aminoheptane and anti-dichloroglyoxime in ethanol, containing an excess of NaHCO3 as a buffer to neutralize the HCl formed. The mononuclear metal complexes of this ligand have been synthesized with Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cd(II) salts. H2L forms mononuclear complexes [(HL)2M] with a metal ligand ratio of 1:2 with M = Co(II)_2H2O, Ni(II) and Cu(II). Zn(II) and Cd(II) form with H2L complexes [(H2L)(Cl)2M], which have a metalligand ratio of 1:1 and a dinuclear complex with UO2(VI). H2L forms the dinuclear complex [(HL)2(OH)2M2] with a metal ligand ratio of 1:1 withM=UO2(VI). Structures of the ligand and its metal complexes were identified by elemental analyses, IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).
1,2-Dihydroxyimino-3,6-di-aza-8,9-O-iso-butylidene nonane (H2L) was synthesized starting from 1,2-O-iso-butylidene-4-aza-6-amino hexane (RNH2) and antichloroglyoxime. Ni(II) and Cu(II) complexes ofH2L have a metal:ligand ratio of 1:2 and the ligand coordinates through two N atoms, as do most of the vic-dioximes. However, Zn(II) and Cd(II) complexes of H2L have a metal:ligand ratio of 1:1 and one chloride ion and one water molecule are also coordinated to the metal ion. Structures of the ligand and its transition- metal complexes are proposed, according to elemental analyses, IR, 13C and 1H NMR spectra, magnetic susceptibility measurements and thermogravimetric analyses (TGA).
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