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EN
Many precision devices, especially measuring devices, must maintain their technical parameters in variable ambient conditions, particularly at varying temperatures. Examples of such devices may be super precise balances that must keep stability and accuracy of the readings in varying ambient temperatures. Due to that fact, there is a problem of measuring the impact of temperature changes, mainly on geometrical dimensions of fundamental constructional elements of these devices. In the paper a new system for measuring micro-displacements of chosen points of a constructional element of balance with a resolution of single nanometres and accuracy at a level of fractions of micrometres has been proposed.
2
PL
Przedstawiono propozycję modernizacji interferometrów laserowych starszego typu z wykorzystaniem podzespołów opracowanych w Zakładzie Metrologii i Inżynierii Jakości Wydziału Mechatroniki Politechniki Warszawskiej. Dla przykładu wykonano modernizację interferometru laserowego LMS100 produkcji Carl Zeiss Jena. W interferometrze tym, pochodzącym jeszcze z lat 80. XX w., pozostawiono oryginalne elementy optyczne i mechaniczne, zastępując własnymi rozwiązaniami laser oraz zestaw elektroniki sterującej. W publikacji przedstawiono najważniejsze parametry techniczno-użytkowe wprowadzonych, nowych podzespołów. W efekcie uzyskano parametry metrologiczno-użytkowe zmodernizowanego systemu, odpowiadające współczesnym, komercyjnie dostępnym, nowoczesnym układom pomiarowym.
EN
Presented is a suggestion of upgrade of the obsolete laser interferometers models by installation of new subassemblies developed by the engineers in the Warsaw University of Technology, Mechatronics Division, Quality Engineering and Metrology Department. To this effect a modernized system offering the measuring/operating parameters comparable with the commercially available up-to-date measuring systems has been developed.
3
Content available remote Strength and thickness of the layer of materials used for ceramic veneers bonding
EN
The use of adhesive bonding systems and composites in prosthetic dentistry brought improved and more aesthetic prosthetic restorations. The adhesive bonding of porcelain veneers is based on the micromechanical and chemical bond between tooth surface, cement layer and ceramic material. The aim of the study was to measure the thickness of the material layer formed during cementing of a ceramic restoration, and - in the second part of the study - to test tension of these cements. The materials investigated comprised dual-curing materials: Variolink II, KoNroot Cem, KoNroot Cem Viscous and Panavia F 2.0, as well as a light-curing composite: Variolink Veneer. The thickness was measured with the use of ZIP Lite 250 optical gauging apparatus. SEM microscope - Hitachi Tabletop Microscope TM-100 - was used to analyse the characteristics of an adhesive bond and filler particle size of particular materials. Tension tests of the cements under study were carried out on the MTS Q Test 10 static electrodynamic apparatus. The tests showed that KoNroot Cem exhibited the best mechanical properties of bonding to enamel and dentin among the materials tested. Variolink II base light-curing cement formed the thinnest layer. All the materials tested formed the layer not exceeding 1/3 of ceramic restoration thickness.
4
Content available remote Electrostatic microencapsulation of living cells
EN
Microencapsulation of different biologically active material for diverse applications have received increasing interest over the last 20 years. Microencapsulation of living cells seems to be a very promising and prospective technology, especially useful in biotechnology and medical applications. One of the most convenient and precise method for this purpose is an electrostatic technique. Electrostatic droplet generation could be performed using single- or multi-nozzle devices, significantly improving efficiency of the process. The usage of an impulse voltage generator allows to manufacture spherical and uniform microbeads with sizes from 0.2 to 3.0 mm of very narrow size distribution. Proposed two-liquid droplet electrostatic formation technique provides preparation of core/shell microbeads, where all cells are immobilized deeply inside a matrix and surrounded with cell-free polysaccharide layer. Such a solution prevents from cell protrusion out of the capsule. Applied electrostatic field is safe for encapsulated living cells and does not cause any cell dysfunction.
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