We propose a generalmethod to characterize and synthesize correctness-preserving asynchronous wrappers for synchronous processes on a globally asynchronous locally synchronous (GALS) architecture. While a synchronous process may rely on the absence of a signal to trigger a reaction, sensing absence in an asynchronous environment may be unfeasible due to uncontrolled communication latencies. A simple and common solution is to systematically encode and send absence notifications, but it is unduly expensive at run-time. Instead, our approach is based on the theory of weakly endochronous systems, which defines the largest sub-class of synchronous systems where (possibly concurrent) asynchronous evaluation is faithful to the original (synchronous) specification. Our method considers synchronous processes or modules that are specified by synchronization constraints expressed in a high-level multi-clock synchronous reactive formalism. The algorithm uses a compact representation of the abstract synchronization configurations of the analyzed process and determines a minimal set of synchronization patterns generating by union all its possible reactions. A specification is weakly endochronous if and only if these generators do not need explicit absence information. In this case, the set of generators can directly be used to synthesize the concurrent asynchronous multi-rate wrapper of the process.
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In this paper, we introduce a new model for the representation of distributed asynchronous implementations of synchronous specifications. The model covers classical implementations, where a notion of global synchronization is preserved by means of signaling, and globally asynchronous, locally synchronous (GALS) implementations where the global clock is removed. The new model offers a unified framework for reasoning about two essential correctness properties of an implementation: the preservation of semantics and the absence of deadlocks. We use it to derive criteria ensuring the correct deployment of synchronous specifications over GALS architectures. As the model captures the internal concurrency of the synchronous specification, our criteria support implementations that are less constrained and more efficient than existing ones. Our work also reveals strong ties between abstract semantics-preservation properties and more operational ones like the absence of deadlocks.
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